Table 4 Effects of liner shipping...

Table 4

Effects of liner shipping connectivity on green export margins in subsamples of higher-income and lower-income exporters, 2006–2021

	Higher-income exporters				Lower-income exporters
	Extensive margin		Intensive margin		Extensive margin		Intensive margin
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)
Variables	EM	num_pro	IM	value_per_pro	EM	num_pro	IM	value_per_pro
${B L S C I}_{i, j, t - 1}$	−0.225***	−0.181***	0.623***	0.0128	0.0884***	0.153***	0.385***	0.388***
${B L S C I}_{i, j, t - 1}$	(0.00464)	(0.00518)	(0.0198)	(0.0382)	(0.0109)	(0.0119)	(0.0570)	(0.0927)
$\ln {D I S T}_{i, j}$	−0.395***	−0.440***	−0.222***	−0.419***	−0.470***	−0.612***	−0.0924***	−0.574***
$\ln {D I S T}_{i, j}$	(0.00319)	(0.00382)	(0.0124)	(0.0282)	(0.00626)	(0.00698)	(0.0291)	(0.0469)
${R T A}_{i, j, t - 1}$	0.0120***	0.00375	0.165***	0.378***	0.173***	0.166***	0.190***	−0.0519
${R T A}_{i, j, t - 1}$	(0.00451)	(0.00522)	(0.0163)	(0.0426)	(0.00742)	(0.00829)	(0.0427)	(0.0638)
${C O N T}_{i, j}$	−0.188***	−0.172***	0.582***	0.934***	0.252***	0.249***	0.732***	0.741***
${C O N T}_{i, j}$	(0.0154)	(0.0173)	(0.0294)	(0.0496)	(0.0168)	(0.0192)	(0.0656)	(0.0946)
${C O L}_{i, j}$	0.105***	0.134***	0.0642	0.0363	0.203***	0.191***	−0.141***	0.383***
${C O L}_{i, j}$	(0.0102)	(0.0137)	(0.0439)	(0.107)	(0.0122)	(0.0144)	(0.0487)	(0.0884)
${C O M L A N G}_{i, j}$	0.343***	0.400***	0.186***	−0.148***	0.345***	0.383***	−0.146***	−0.428***
${C O M L A N G}_{i, j}$	(0.00560)	(0.00689)	(0.0212)	(0.0446)	(0.00885)	(0.0105)	(0.0422)	(0.0677)
Constant	3.164***	9.353***	−2.291***	12.90***	2.222***	8.975***	−2.918***	13.65***
Constant	(0.0323)	(0.0387)	(0.138)	(0.322)	(0.0719)	(0.0803)	(0.319)	(0.577)
Exporter-year FEs	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
Importer-year FEs	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
Observations	109,455	109,455	109,455	109,455	69,722	69,722	69,722	69,722

	Higher-income exporters				Lower-income exporters
	Extensive margin		Intensive margin		Extensive margin		Intensive margin
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)
Variables	EM	num_pro	IM	value_per_pro	EM	num_pro	IM	value_per_pro
${B L S C I}_{i, j, t - 1}$	−0.225***	−0.181***	0.623***	0.0128	0.0884***	0.153***	0.385***	0.388***
${B L S C I}_{i, j, t - 1}$	(0.00464)	(0.00518)	(0.0198)	(0.0382)	(0.0109)	(0.0119)	(0.0570)	(0.0927)
$\ln {D I S T}_{i, j}$	−0.395***	−0.440***	−0.222***	−0.419***	−0.470***	−0.612***	−0.0924***	−0.574***
$\ln {D I S T}_{i, j}$	(0.00319)	(0.00382)	(0.0124)	(0.0282)	(0.00626)	(0.00698)	(0.0291)	(0.0469)
${R T A}_{i, j, t - 1}$	0.0120***	0.00375	0.165***	0.378***	0.173***	0.166***	0.190***	−0.0519
${R T A}_{i, j, t - 1}$	(0.00451)	(0.00522)	(0.0163)	(0.0426)	(0.00742)	(0.00829)	(0.0427)	(0.0638)
${C O N T}_{i, j}$	−0.188***	−0.172***	0.582***	0.934***	0.252***	0.249***	0.732***	0.741***
${C O N T}_{i, j}$	(0.0154)	(0.0173)	(0.0294)	(0.0496)	(0.0168)	(0.0192)	(0.0656)	(0.0946)
${C O L}_{i, j}$	0.105***	0.134***	0.0642	0.0363	0.203***	0.191***	−0.141***	0.383***
${C O L}_{i, j}$	(0.0102)	(0.0137)	(0.0439)	(0.107)	(0.0122)	(0.0144)	(0.0487)	(0.0884)
${C O M L A N G}_{i, j}$	0.343***	0.400***	0.186***	−0.148***	0.345***	0.383***	−0.146***	−0.428***
${C O M L A N G}_{i, j}$	(0.00560)	(0.00689)	(0.0212)	(0.0446)	(0.00885)	(0.0105)	(0.0422)	(0.0677)
Constant	3.164***	9.353***	−2.291***	12.90***	2.222***	8.975***	−2.918***	13.65***
Constant	(0.0323)	(0.0387)	(0.138)	(0.322)	(0.0719)	(0.0803)	(0.319)	(0.577)
Exporter-year FEs	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
Importer-year FEs	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
Observations	109,455	109,455	109,455	109,455	69,722	69,722	69,722	69,722

Note(s): Robust standard errors clustered at the country-pair level are shown in parentheses. Symbols *, **, and *** denote statistical significance at the 10%, 5%, and 1% levels, respectively

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