Table 4. Exploratory Kruskal–Wallis for... | Emerald Publishing

Table 4.

Exploratory Kruskal–Wallis for effects of leader style and gender by class year

Measure	Year in school	Transformational						Transactional						χ²
		Man			Woman			Man			Woman
		M	SD	Mean rank	M	SD	Mean rank	M	SD	Mean rank	M	SD	Mean rank
Improve cadet performance	Senior	4.50	0.52	43.00	3.91	0.81	29.00	4.29	0.61	37.39	3.79	0.70	25.82	χ² (3, 67) = 9.95*
	Junior	4.86	0.38	35.07	4.50	0.53	27.75	4.20	0.42	21.60	3.75	1.02	18.00	χ² (3, 46) = 11.89*
	Sophomore	4.00	0.71	35.00	3.93	0.96	33.83	4.35	0.67	42.38	4.35	0.61	28.67	χ² (3, 70) = 5.16
	Freshman	4.33	0.86	43.38	4.33	0.58	40.62	4.09	0.81	36.71	4.35	0.61	41.47	χ² (3, 80) = 1.12
Optimistic reception	Senior	4.59	0.51	45.68	3.86	0.94	29.57	4.07	0.62	32.32	3.79	0.97	28.46	χ² (3, 67) = 10.14*
	Junior	4.43	0.53	30.50	4.50	0.53	31.75	4.00	0.47	23.15	3.40	1.04	16.76	χ² (3, 46) = 12.32**
	Sophomore	4.14	0.85	41.00	4.27	0.88	42.23	3.75	0.85	30.60	3.67	0.72	27.97	χ² (3, 70) = 7.24
	Freshman	4.43	0.87	45.81	4.43	0.75	44.57	3.73	1.12	30.76	4.35	0.61	40.94	χ² (3, 80) = 6.41

Measure	Year in school	Transformational						Transactional						χ²
		Man			Woman			Man			Woman
		M	SD	Mean rank	M	SD	Mean rank	M	SD	Mean rank	M	SD	Mean rank
Improve cadet performance	Senior	4.50	0.52	43.00	3.91	0.81	29.00	4.29	0.61	37.39	3.79	0.70	25.82	χ² (3, 67) = 9.95*
	Junior	4.86	0.38	35.07	4.50	0.53	27.75	4.20	0.42	21.60	3.75	1.02	18.00	χ² (3, 46) = 11.89*
	Sophomore	4.00	0.71	35.00	3.93	0.96	33.83	4.35	0.67	42.38	4.35	0.61	28.67	χ² (3, 70) = 5.16
	Freshman	4.33	0.86	43.38	4.33	0.58	40.62	4.09	0.81	36.71	4.35	0.61	41.47	χ² (3, 80) = 1.12
Optimistic reception	Senior	4.59	0.51	45.68	3.86	0.94	29.57	4.07	0.62	32.32	3.79	0.97	28.46	χ² (3, 67) = 10.14*
	Junior	4.43	0.53	30.50	4.50	0.53	31.75	4.00	0.47	23.15	3.40	1.04	16.76	χ² (3, 46) = 12.32**
	Sophomore	4.14	0.85	41.00	4.27	0.88	42.23	3.75	0.85	30.60	3.67	0.72	27.97	χ² (3, 70) = 7.24
	Freshman	4.43	0.87	45.81	4.43	0.75	44.57	3.73	1.12	30.76	4.35	0.61	40.94	χ² (3, 80) = 6.41

Note(s):

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. Results are shown for significant DVs only