Parameters used for the study
| Run | do: mm | dp: mm | hs: m | ϕ: ° | Q: L/min | Corresponding v: m/s | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.33 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 0.5 | 0.025 | — |
| 2 | 0.33 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 2 | 0.1 | — |
| 3 | 0.33 | 0.9 | 0.15 | — | 2 | 0.1 | w/o frictional viscosity model |
| 4 | 0.33 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 4 | 0.2 | — |
| 5 | 0.33 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 12 | 0.6 | — |
| 6 | 0.33 | 0.9 | 0.15 | — | 12 | 0.6 | w/o frictional viscosity model |
| 7 | 0.33 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 12 | 0.6 | Laminar viscous model |
| 8 | 0.33 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 18 | 0.9 | — |
| 9 | 0.33 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 22 | 1.1 | — |
| 10 | 0.33 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 30 | 1.5 | — |
| 11 | 0.33 | 0.9 | 0.15 | — | 30 | 1.5 | w/o frictional viscosity model |
| 12 | 0.33 | 0.1 | 0.15 | 35 | 0.5 | 0.025 | — |
| 13 | 0.33 | 0.1 | 0.15 | 35 | 2 | 0.1 | — |
| 14 | 0.33 | 0.1 | 0.15 | 35 | 12 | 0.6 | — |
| 15 | 0.33 | 0.1 | 0.15 | 35 | 30 | 1.5 | — |
| 16 | 0.33 | 0.3 | 0.15 | 35 | 0.5 | 0.025 | — |
| 17 | 0.33 | 0.3 | 0.15 | 35 | 2 | 0.1 | — |
| 18 | 0.33 | 0.3 | 0.15 | 35 | 12 | 0.6 | — |
| 19 | 0.33 | 0.3 | 0.15 | 35 | 30 | 1.5 | — |
| 20 | 0.33 | 0.6 | 0.15 | 35 | 0.5 | 0.025 | — |
| 21 | 0.33 | 0.6 | 0.15 | 35 | 2 | 0.1 | — |
| 22 | 0.33 | 0.6 | 0.15 | 35 | 12 | 0.6 | — |
| 23 | 0.33 | 0.6 | 0.15 | 35 | 30 | 1.5 | — |
| 24 | 0.33 | 1.0 | 0.15 | 35 | 2 | 0.1 | — |
| 25 | 0.33 | 1.0 | 0.15 | 35 | 12 | 0.6 | — |
| 26 | 0.33 | 1.0 | 0.15 | 35 | 30 | 1.5 | — |
| 27 | 0.33 | 1.3 | 0.15 | 35 | 0.5 | 0.025 | — |
| 28 | 0.33 | 1.3 | 0.15 | 35 | 2 | 0.1 | — |
| 29 | 0.33 | 1.3 | 0.15 | 35 | 12 | 0.6 | — |
| 30 | 0.33 | 1.3 | 0.15 | 35 | 30 | 1.5 | — |
| 31 | 0.33 | 2.0 | 0.15 | 35 | 2 | 0.1 | — |
| 32 | 0.33 | 2.0 | 0.15 | 35 | 12 | 0.6 | — |
| 33 | 0.33 | 2.0 | 0.15 | 35 | 30 | 1.5 | — |
| 34 | 1.00 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 2 | 0.033 | — |
| 35 | 1.00 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 12 | 0.2 | — |
| 36 | 1.00 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 30 | 0.5 | — |
| 37 | 2.00 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 2 | 0.017 | — |
| 38 | 2.00 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 12 | 0.1 | — |
| 39 | 2.00 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 30 | 0.25 | — |
| 40 | 3.00 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 2 | 0.011 | — |
| 41 | 3.00 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 12 | 0.07 | — |
| 42 | 3.00 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 30 | 0.167 | — |
| 43 | 5.00 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 2 | 0.007 | — |
| 44 | 5.00 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 12 | 0.04 | — |
| 45 | 5.00 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 30 | 0.1 | — |
| 46 | 10.00 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 2 | 0.0033 | — |
| 47 | 10.00 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 12 | 0.02 | — |
| 48 | 10.00 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 30 | 0.05 | — |
| 49 | 0.33 | 0.9 | 0.30 | 35 | 30 | 1.5 | — |
| 50 | 0.33 | 0.9 | 0.60 | 35 | 30 | 1.5 | — |
| 51 | 0.33 | 0.1 | 1.00 | 35 | 2 | 0.1 | — |
| 52 | 0.33 | 0.3 | 1.00 | 35 | 2 | 0.1 | — |
| 53 | 0.33 | 0.6 | 1.00 | 35 | 2 | 0.1 | — |
| 54 | 0.33 | 0.9 | 1.00 | 35 | 2 | 0.1 | — |
| 55 | 0.33 | 1.3 | 1.00 | 35 | 2 | 0.1 | — |
| 56 | 0.3 | 2.0 | 1.00 | 35 | 2 | 0.1 | — |
| 57 | 0.33 | 0.1 | 1.00 | 35 | 12 | 0.6 | — |
| 58 | 0.33 | 0.3 | 1.00 | 35 | 12 | 0.6 | — |
| 59 | 0.33 | 0.6 | 1.00 | 35 | 12 | 0.6 | — |
| 60 | 0.33 | 1.3 | 1.00 | 35 | 12 | 0.6 | — |
| 61 | 0.33 | 0.9 | 1.00 | 35 | 30 | 1.5 | — |
| 62 | 0.33 | 0.9 | 1.00 | 38 | 30 | 1.5 | — |
| 63 | 0.33 | 0.9 | 1.00 | 40 | 30 | 1.5 | — |
| 64 | 0.33 | 0.9 | 1.00 | 45 | 30 | 1.5 | — |
| 65 | 5.00 | 0.9 | 1.00 | 35 | 2 | 0.007 | — |
| 66 | 5.00 | 0.9 | 1.00 | 35 | 4 | 0.014 | — |
| 67 | 5.00 | 0.9 | 1.00 | 35 | 12 | 0.04 | — |
| 68 | 5.00 | 0.9 | 1.00 | 35 | 18 | 0.06 | — |
| 69 | 5.00 | 0.9 | 1.00 | 35 | 24 | 0.08 | — |
| 70 | 5.00 | 0.9 | 1.00 | 35 | 30 | 0.1 | — |
| 71 | 5.00 | 0.9 | 2.00 | 35 | 3 | 0.01 | — |
| 72 | 5.00 | 0.9 | 2.00 | 35 | 12 | 0.04 | — |
| 73 | 5.00 | 0.9 | 2.00 | 35 | 18 | 0.06 | — |
| 74 | 5.00 | 0.9 | 2.00 | 35 | 30 | 0.1 | — |
| Run | ϕ: ° | Corresponding | Comments | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.33 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 0.5 | 0.025 | — |
| 2 | 0.33 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 2 | 0.1 | — |
| 3 | 0.33 | 0.9 | 0.15 | — | 2 | 0.1 | w/o frictional viscosity model |
| 4 | 0.33 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 4 | 0.2 | — |
| 5 | 0.33 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 12 | 0.6 | — |
| 6 | 0.33 | 0.9 | 0.15 | — | 12 | 0.6 | w/o frictional viscosity model |
| 7 | 0.33 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 12 | 0.6 | Laminar viscous model |
| 8 | 0.33 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 18 | 0.9 | — |
| 9 | 0.33 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 22 | 1.1 | — |
| 10 | 0.33 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 30 | 1.5 | — |
| 11 | 0.33 | 0.9 | 0.15 | — | 30 | 1.5 | w/o frictional viscosity model |
| 12 | 0.33 | 0.1 | 0.15 | 35 | 0.5 | 0.025 | — |
| 13 | 0.33 | 0.1 | 0.15 | 35 | 2 | 0.1 | — |
| 14 | 0.33 | 0.1 | 0.15 | 35 | 12 | 0.6 | — |
| 15 | 0.33 | 0.1 | 0.15 | 35 | 30 | 1.5 | — |
| 16 | 0.33 | 0.3 | 0.15 | 35 | 0.5 | 0.025 | — |
| 17 | 0.33 | 0.3 | 0.15 | 35 | 2 | 0.1 | — |
| 18 | 0.33 | 0.3 | 0.15 | 35 | 12 | 0.6 | — |
| 19 | 0.33 | 0.3 | 0.15 | 35 | 30 | 1.5 | — |
| 20 | 0.33 | 0.6 | 0.15 | 35 | 0.5 | 0.025 | — |
| 21 | 0.33 | 0.6 | 0.15 | 35 | 2 | 0.1 | — |
| 22 | 0.33 | 0.6 | 0.15 | 35 | 12 | 0.6 | — |
| 23 | 0.33 | 0.6 | 0.15 | 35 | 30 | 1.5 | — |
| 24 | 0.33 | 1.0 | 0.15 | 35 | 2 | 0.1 | — |
| 25 | 0.33 | 1.0 | 0.15 | 35 | 12 | 0.6 | — |
| 26 | 0.33 | 1.0 | 0.15 | 35 | 30 | 1.5 | — |
| 27 | 0.33 | 1.3 | 0.15 | 35 | 0.5 | 0.025 | — |
| 28 | 0.33 | 1.3 | 0.15 | 35 | 2 | 0.1 | — |
| 29 | 0.33 | 1.3 | 0.15 | 35 | 12 | 0.6 | — |
| 30 | 0.33 | 1.3 | 0.15 | 35 | 30 | 1.5 | — |
| 31 | 0.33 | 2.0 | 0.15 | 35 | 2 | 0.1 | — |
| 32 | 0.33 | 2.0 | 0.15 | 35 | 12 | 0.6 | — |
| 33 | 0.33 | 2.0 | 0.15 | 35 | 30 | 1.5 | — |
| 34 | 1.00 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 2 | 0.033 | — |
| 35 | 1.00 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 12 | 0.2 | — |
| 36 | 1.00 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 30 | 0.5 | — |
| 37 | 2.00 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 2 | 0.017 | — |
| 38 | 2.00 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 12 | 0.1 | — |
| 39 | 2.00 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 30 | 0.25 | — |
| 40 | 3.00 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 2 | 0.011 | — |
| 41 | 3.00 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 12 | 0.07 | — |
| 42 | 3.00 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 30 | 0.167 | — |
| 43 | 5.00 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 2 | 0.007 | — |
| 44 | 5.00 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 12 | 0.04 | — |
| 45 | 5.00 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 30 | 0.1 | — |
| 46 | 10.00 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 2 | 0.0033 | — |
| 47 | 10.00 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 12 | 0.02 | — |
| 48 | 10.00 | 0.9 | 0.15 | 35 | 30 | 0.05 | — |
| 49 | 0.33 | 0.9 | 0.30 | 35 | 30 | 1.5 | — |
| 50 | 0.33 | 0.9 | 0.60 | 35 | 30 | 1.5 | — |
| 51 | 0.33 | 0.1 | 1.00 | 35 | 2 | 0.1 | — |
| 52 | 0.33 | 0.3 | 1.00 | 35 | 2 | 0.1 | — |
| 53 | 0.33 | 0.6 | 1.00 | 35 | 2 | 0.1 | — |
| 54 | 0.33 | 0.9 | 1.00 | 35 | 2 | 0.1 | — |
| 55 | 0.33 | 1.3 | 1.00 | 35 | 2 | 0.1 | — |
| 56 | 0.3 | 2.0 | 1.00 | 35 | 2 | 0.1 | — |
| 57 | 0.33 | 0.1 | 1.00 | 35 | 12 | 0.6 | — |
| 58 | 0.33 | 0.3 | 1.00 | 35 | 12 | 0.6 | — |
| 59 | 0.33 | 0.6 | 1.00 | 35 | 12 | 0.6 | — |
| 60 | 0.33 | 1.3 | 1.00 | 35 | 12 | 0.6 | — |
| 61 | 0.33 | 0.9 | 1.00 | 35 | 30 | 1.5 | — |
| 62 | 0.33 | 0.9 | 1.00 | 38 | 30 | 1.5 | — |
| 63 | 0.33 | 0.9 | 1.00 | 40 | 30 | 1.5 | — |
| 64 | 0.33 | 0.9 | 1.00 | 45 | 30 | 1.5 | — |
| 65 | 5.00 | 0.9 | 1.00 | 35 | 2 | 0.007 | — |
| 66 | 5.00 | 0.9 | 1.00 | 35 | 4 | 0.014 | — |
| 67 | 5.00 | 0.9 | 1.00 | 35 | 12 | 0.04 | — |
| 68 | 5.00 | 0.9 | 1.00 | 35 | 18 | 0.06 | — |
| 69 | 5.00 | 0.9 | 1.00 | 35 | 24 | 0.08 | — |
| 70 | 5.00 | 0.9 | 1.00 | 35 | 30 | 0.1 | — |
| 71 | 5.00 | 0.9 | 2.00 | 35 | 3 | 0.01 | — |
| 72 | 5.00 | 0.9 | 2.00 | 35 | 12 | 0.04 | — |
| 73 | 5.00 | 0.9 | 2.00 | 35 | 18 | 0.06 | — |
| 74 | 5.00 | 0.9 | 2.00 | 35 | 30 | 0.1 | — |
do is the crack width, dp is the mean particle diameter, hs is the thickness of soil bed, ϕ is the angle of internal friction, Q is the leakage rate, and v is the velocity of leaking fluid
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