Table 2

Factors influencing adaptive reuse, as identified in each study. The codes used to identify each factor refer to it being a barrier (B) or driver (D). Further, each category is identified by a letter: regulatory (R), financial (F), environmental (E), social (S), cultural (C), building-related (B) and stakeholders related (T). Table continues on the next page

RegulatoryFinancialEnvironmentalCulturalSocialBuildingStakeholders
B_R1B_R2B_R3B_R4D_R1B_F1B_F2D_F1D_F2D_F3D_F4B_E1D_E1D_E2D_E3D_E4B_C1D_C1D_C2D_C3D_S1D_S2D_S3B_B1B_B2B_B3B_B4D_B1D_B2D_B3D_B4B_T1B_T2B_T3D_T1D_T2
Aigwi et al. (2022)         xxx      xxx  x       X     
Aigwi et al. (2026) x      x              x        x x x
Aliu et al. (2025)     x  xxx  xxx  xxx                
Baker et al. (2017)  X  X  X        XX X    XXX         
Baker et al. (2021)        X   X     XX                 
Barbaro et al. (2022)                     X        X      
Bullen and Love (2011) XXX  XXXX    XXX XX  X  XX X X X    
Canelas et al. (2022) X   X    X        X          X   X  
Conejos et al. (2016)  X X       X           XX      X    
De Silva et al. (2019)  XX   X    X XX   X    XX  X   X x  
De Souza Rocha et al. (2024) XX  X                  XX      XX   
Eray et al. (2019)                                 X   
Fang and Wu (2025)  X X        X    XX   X    X   X    
Gillott et al. (2022)   X X X XX  XX X       XX      x XX 
Gravagnuolo et al. (2025) X  X             XX        X        
Hamida et al. (2023b) X   XX                 XX      X XX 
Heath (2001)  xx Xx X  X         XX  X X XX      
Ikiz Kaya et al. (2021a)     X  X         X                  
Ikiz Kaya et al. (2021b)     X  X X   XXX X    X       X    X
Ikiz Kaya et al. (2025)  xx XX X        X               X   
Karabeyeser Bakan et al. (2025)    X       X     X X                
Kyrö et al. (2024)  X XX X X    XXX XXX   XXX     X  X 
Langston et al. (2008)  X      X    XX  XX     X   X       
Langston (2011)  X    X XX XXXX  XX  X              
Mohamed and Alauddin (2023)  xx      x       x      xx    x     
Nakanishi et al. (2020)                     XXx      X      
Oke et al. (2025)                        x x     xx   
Olivadese et al. (2017) XX  X                        X      
Owojori et al. (2024)             XX   XX   X             
Philokyprou (2014)    X             XXX                
Pintossi et al. (2021a) x x  xx                        xx   
Pintossi et al. (2021b)                 x      x        xx  
Remøy and Van Der Voordt (2014)  xx   x            x   xxxx  x x  x 
Remøy and Van Der Voordt (2014)  XXx    X X  XXX  X XX XXXX XX   X  
Remøy and Wilkinson (2012)    xX    X        XX X      XX      
Remøy and Wilkinson (2017)  xx    X  X    X    XX XX XXXX X    
Remøy et al. (2011)  XX                     X X         
Saifi et al. (2025)      X XX        X   XX X           
Sanchaniya et al. (2025)  xx   xx       x      x  xx     x  x
Savoie et al. (2025)  x  x              x     x    xx  xx
Tan et al. (2018)  x    x x    x x     x    xx        
Volzone et al. (2025) xx x x           xx   x            x
Vuscan and Muntean (2025) XX    XXX    XX  X XXX  XXX  X    X 
Wilkinson et al. (2014)  x x  xxxx xxxxx x   x  xxx   x     
Zeadat (2024)    X  X         X              XX   
Total102312111412614129410613109320161061191118111065115147765
Source(s): Authors’ own work
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