Table 2

Integrative mapping of bibliometric-systematic findings across TCM-ADO

TCM-ADOIntegrative synthesisKey future directions
TheoriesDigital transformation research in the sugarcane agroindustry primarily builds upon socio-technical systems, resource-based view, and dynamic capability theories, emphasizing the triad of human, technological, and organizational alignment. Yet, theoretical pluralism remains limited; institutional and behavioral adoption perspectives are underrepresented, resulting in fragmented conceptual foundationsDevelop hybrid theoretical frameworks that integrate socio-technical, institutional, and innovation diffusion logics. Model how digital capability translates into sustainable competitive advantage and inclusive digital ecosystems
ContextsResearch is concentrated in high-production regions (Brazil, India, Thailand, Australia), revealing limited understanding of digitalization under heterogeneous socio-economic and infrastructural conditions. Upstream–downstream segmentation and scale disparity between smallholders and large estates remain major research gapsConduct comparative, multi scale contextual analyses to explore digital maturity gaps, infrastructural readiness, and cultural barriers. Examine how national policy and scale heterogeneity influence adoption and performance outcomes
MethodsCurrent methodologies emphasize machine learning, remote sensing, and optimization, often detached from system-level evaluation. Limited use of longitudinal, mixed, or simulation-based approaches restricts understanding of temporal and systemic dynamicsAdvance methodological pluralism by combining digital twin simulation, system dynamics, and interpretable AI. Use mixed and longitudinal designs to capture evolution and causal pathways of digital transformation
AntecedentsAntecedent studies highlight leadership, policy incentives, and infrastructure as enablers, but overlook the relational and institutional dimensions such as trust, collaboration, and governance structures. Interactions among these multi-level drivers remain theoretically shallowExplore multi-level socio-technical antecedents integrating human, organizational, and policy drivers. Assess how trust, digital literacy, and leadership readiness mediate adoption in collaborative digital ecosystems
DecisionsDecision-support research focuses on optimization and operational efficiency but lacks full value-chain integration. DSS applications remain siloed and reactive rather than adaptive or predictiveDesign integrated, adaptive, and uncertainty-aware DSS powered by AI, IoT, and blockchain. Operationalize digital maturity models and multi-agent architectures for real-time decision-making in sugarcane supply chains
OutcomesEmpirical evidence shows improvements in efficiency, traceability, and environmental performance. However, few studies systematically evaluate socio-economic and equity impacts. Sustainability outcomes are rarely measured across multiple dimensionsFormulate multi-dimensional performance frameworks linking digital transformation to sustainability, equity, and resilience. Develop standardized indicators for assessing technical, social, and environmental impacts
Source(s): Authors’ own work

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