Table 3

Future research questions based on this research

DimensionResearch questionsBelief dimension; relevant segment(s)
Clustering variables(behavioral beliefs, attitudes, normative beliefs, subjective norms, perceived control)Do higher subjective norms predict greater advocacy intentions even when attitudes are comparable?Norms; Balanced Believers, Progress Patrons
Is perceived control more strongly associated with low-effort support behaviors among less supportive segments (e.g. Conscientious Conservatives) than among more supportive segments?Control; Conscientious Conservatives
Do perceptions of firm motives (profit vs social change) moderate the relationship between supportive attitudes and willingness to advocate?Attitudes, motives; Profit Perceivers, Balanced Believers
How does progressive vs conservative issue framing interact with belief structures to shape perceived appropriateness of activism?Beliefs; progress Patrons, Conscientious Conservatives
Do belief-based profiles explain unique variance in support behaviors beyond political ideology and demographics?All segments
How do consumers’ initial beliefs, attitudes, norms and perceptions of control compare with their long-term support behaviors?All segments
What factors do consumers perceive as facilitating or constraining their ability to support brand activism, and how do these perceptions affect behavioral intent?Control; all segments
Background factors(personality, political ideology, political/civic engagement, moral foundations, preferences)Which clustering variables mediate the relationship between background factors (e.g. personality, ideology, moral foundations) and behavioral intentions?All segments
What similarities and differences emerge when applying this typology in non-US contexts or diverse cultures?All segments
What role does ethnocultural background play in shaping beliefs, attitudes and downstream support of brand activism?All segments
How do personality traits and moral foundations work together or in opposition in predicting support behaviors?Balanced Believers, Conscientious Conservatives
For which issues will consumers prefer brand activism in five or ten years? Which issues remain consistently salient?Beliefs; all segments
How do consumers develop preferences for activism on certain topics but not others, and what internal/external factors shape these choices?Beliefs, background; all segments
Consumer segmentsWhat smaller personas exist within the identified supporter segments?All segments
What distinct segments exist among brand activism Non-Supporters?Passive vs. Active Non-Supporters
What differentiates consumers who ignore, oppose or retaliate against brand activism?Beliefs, opposition; Non-Supporters
Campaign effectivenessWhat is the relationship between activism campaign messaging and consumers’ long-term beliefs, attitudes and support behaviors regarding the target issue?Beliefs; all segments
What factors facilitate consumers’ migration from less supportive to more supportive segments?Norms, attitudes; Conscientious Conservatives, Progress Patrons
What factors facilitate migration from Non-Supporters to supporters?Attitudes, motives; Non-Supporters
Source(s): Authors’ own work

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