Table 3 Summary descriptive statistics...

Table 3

Summary descriptive statistics for variables

Variables	Mean	Median	Standard deviation	Minimum	Maximum
ESG SCORE	48.448	48.65	18.934	10.82	83.24
MASCUL	1.897	1.898	0.231	1.331	2.499
AGE	55.25	55	7.514	35	79
TENURE	7.854	6	5.89	1	25
DUALITY	0.162	0	0.369	0	1
FOREIGNCEO	0.267	0	0.442	0	1
FSIZE	15.606	15.554	1.414	12.4	18.422
LEV	0.28	0.282	0.175	0	0.72
ROA	0.043	0.045	0.081	−0.279	0.314

Variables	Mean	Median	Standard deviation	Minimum	Maximum
ESG SCORE	48.448	48.65	18.934	10.82	83.24
MASCUL	1.897	1.898	0.231	1.331	2.499
AGE	55.25	55	7.514	35	79
TENURE	7.854	6	5.89	1	25
DUALITY	0.162	0	0.369	0	1
FOREIGNCEO	0.267	0	0.442	0	1
FSIZE	15.606	15.554	1.414	12.4	18.422
LEV	0.28	0.282	0.175	0	0.72
ROA	0.043	0.045	0.081	−0.279	0.314

Note(s): This table reports the descriptive statistics for the study variables using 833 firm-year observations from 2012 to 2022. All variables are defined in Table 2. All continuous variables are winsorized at the 1st and 99th percentiles

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