EU AI Act consultation cycle metadata
| Attribute | Phase 1: White Paper | Phase 2: Legislative Proposal | Phase 3: Implementation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Consultation period | Feb 19–Jun 14, 2020 (116 days) | Apr 21–Aug 6, 2021 (108 days) | Nov 13–Dec 11, 2024 (29 days) |
| Total valid responses | 1,215 | 303 | 383 |
| Consultation type | Open public (strategic/pre-legislative) | Feedback on legislative proposal | Implementation guidance |
| Legal instrument | White Paper COM (2020) 65 final | Proposed Regulation COM (2021) 206 final | Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (adopted) |
| Regulatory stage | Strategic policy formulation | Legislative refinement (pre-trilogue) | Implementation preparation |
| Attribute | Phase 1: White Paper | Phase 2: Legislative Proposal | Phase 3: Implementation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Consultation period | Feb 19–Jun 14, 2020 (116 days) | Apr 21–Aug 6, 2021 (108 days) | Nov 13–Dec 11, 2024 (29 days) |
| Total valid responses | 1,215 | 303 | 383 |
| Consultation type | Open public (strategic/pre-legislative) | Feedback on legislative proposal | Implementation guidance |
| Legal instrument | White Paper | Proposed Regulation | Regulation ( |
| Regulatory stage | Strategic policy formulation | Legislative refinement (pre-trilogue) | Implementation preparation |
Primary data for Phases 1 and 2 comprise European Commission synopsis reports supplemented by the Staff Working Document (SWD [2021] 84 final). Phase 3 data draw on the analytical report commissioned from the Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS, 2025), supplemented by original analysis of anonymised raw response data (n = 383). The DSA pre-legislative consultation (July–September 2020, n = 2,863) provides a contemporaneous benchmark. Industry aggregates company/business organisations and associations (Phases 1–2) or providers, deployers and industry organisations (Phase 3). Under alternative aggregation treating SMEs separately, the large-corporation and industry-association share still exceeds 30%, maintaining industry plurality by a factor of more than five over citizen participation (5.74%). The headline finding is robust to reasonable alternative aggregation decisions
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