Role of the partnership of the goal on the nexus between foreign capital and sustainable food security in Africa
| VAR | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FS(−1) | 0.44*** (0.11) | 0.75*** 0.14) | 0.78*** (0.08) | 0.78*** (0.12) |
| GDP | −0.06 (0.07) | −0.26*** (0.09) | −0.09 (0.09) | −0.11 (0.07) |
| GCF | 0.29*** (0.04) | 0.23*** (0.05) | 1.14*** (0.05) | 0.16*** (0.04) |
| GEA | 0.08 (0.08) | 0.37*** (0.09) | 0.22*** (0.07) | 0.26*** (0.078) |
| PG | 1.10*** (0.23) | 0.42* (0.24) | 0.07 (0.19) | 0.26 (0.23) |
| UB | −1.8* (1.10) | −0.43 (0.94) | 1.86 (1.23) | 1.68 (1,06) |
| SDG17 | −0.03 (0.03) | 14.53*** (0.33) | 0.04 (0.21) | 9.23* (5.40) |
| DEBT | −0.09* (0.05) | |||
| RM | −0.75** (0.14) | |||
| FDI | −0.09 (0.17) | |||
| PORT | −1.37 (1.01) | |||
| c.DEBT#c.SDG17 | 6.16*** (3.18) | |||
| c.RM#c.SDG17 | 1.12*** (0.38) | |||
| c.FDI#c.SDG17 | 17.40*** (4.0) | |||
| c.PORT#c.SDG17 | 17.55*** (4.40) | |||
| Net effect | 6.07** (3.01) | 0.37*** (0.12) | 17.31** (8.21) | 16.18** (8.16) |
| Observations | 912 | 912 | 912 | 912 |
| No. of groups | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 |
| AR1(p-value) | 0.126 | 0.012 | 0.014 | 0.009 |
| AR2(p-value) | 0.759 | 0.214 | 0.168 | 0.283 |
| Hansen(p-value) | 0.649 | 0.923 | 0.369 | 0.453 |
| Sargan(p-value) | 0.873 | 0.464 | 0.759 | 0.759 |
| VAR | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FS(−1) | 0.44*** (0.11) | 0.75*** 0.14) | 0.78*** (0.08) | 0.78*** (0.12) |
| GDP | −0.06 (0.07) | −0.26*** (0.09) | −0.09 (0.09) | −0.11 (0.07) |
| GCF | 0.29*** (0.04) | 0.23*** (0.05) | 1.14*** (0.05) | 0.16*** (0.04) |
| GEA | 0.08 (0.08) | 0.37*** (0.09) | 0.22*** (0.07) | 0.26*** (0.078) |
| PG | 1.10*** (0.23) | 0.42* (0.24) | 0.07 (0.19) | 0.26 (0.23) |
| UB | −1.8* (1.10) | −0.43 (0.94) | 1.86 (1.23) | 1.68 (1,06) |
| SDG17 | −0.03 (0.03) | 14.53*** (0.33) | 0.04 (0.21) | 9.23* (5.40) |
| DEBT | −0.09* (0.05) | |||
| RM | −0.75** (0.14) | |||
| FDI | −0.09 (0.17) | |||
| PORT | −1.37 (1.01) | |||
| c.DEBT#c.SDG17 | 6.16*** (3.18) | |||
| c.RM#c.SDG17 | 1.12*** (0.38) | |||
| c.FDI#c.SDG17 | 17.40*** (4.0) | |||
| c.PORT#c.SDG17 | 17.55*** (4.40) | |||
| Net effect | 6.07** (3.01) | 0.37*** (0.12) | 17.31** (8.21) | 16.18** (8.16) |
| Observations | 912 | 912 | 912 | 912 |
| No. of groups | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 |
| AR1( | 0.126 | 0.012 | 0.014 | 0.009 |
| AR2( | 0.759 | 0.214 | 0.168 | 0.283 |
| Hansen( | 0.649 | 0.923 | 0.369 | 0.453 |
| Sargan( | 0.873 | 0.464 | 0.759 | 0.759 |
Note(s): Standard errors in parentheses; ***p < 0.01; **p < 0.05; *p < 0
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