Table 6 Theories used in the literature... | Emerald Publishing

Table 6

Theories used in the literature

Theory	References
Upper echelons theory: CEOs’ personal characteristics shape strategic choices and organizational outcomes	Lu et al. (2025), Liu et al. (2024),Tang et al. (2024), Xu (2023), Liu et al. (2023), Li et al. (2024), Tian et al. (2023), Han et al. (2022), Xu and Ma (2022), Zhang et al. (2022), Bamber et al. (2010)
Imprinting theory: Early-life experiences exert persistent and long-term effects on cognition and behavior	Lu et al. (2025), Liu et al. (2024), Solano et al. (2024), Tang et al. (2024), Xu (2023), Liu et al. (2023), Li et al. (2024), Jia et al. (2023), Li et al. (2023c), Han et al. (2022), Xu and Ma (2022), Hu et al. (2020)

Theory	References
Upper echelons theory: CEOs’ personal characteristics shape strategic choices and organizational outcomes	Lu et al. (2025), Liu et al. (2024),Tang et al. (2024), Xu (2023), Liu et al. (2023), Li et al. (2024), Tian et al. (2023), Han et al. (2022), Xu and Ma (2022), Zhang et al. (2022), Bamber et al. (2010)
Imprinting theory: Early-life experiences exert persistent and long-term effects on cognition and behavior	Lu et al. (2025), Liu et al. (2024), Solano et al. (2024), Tang et al. (2024), Xu (2023), Liu et al. (2023), Li et al. (2024), Jia et al. (2023), Li et al. (2023c), Han et al. (2022), Xu and Ma (2022), Hu et al. (2020)

Source(s): Author’s compilation