Theories used in AI and bias in banking and finance research
| Theory | Frequency | % | Exemplary articles |
|---|---|---|---|
| Concept of cognitive bias | 5 | 6.9 | Król and Król (2021) |
| Prospect theory | 4 | 5.6 | Bhatia et al. (2020) |
| Economic theory | 2 | 2.8 | Yao et al. (2024) |
| Framing effects | 2 | 2.8 | Athota et al. (2023) |
| Information asymmetry theory | 2 | 2.8 | Tigges et al. (2024) |
| Resource-based view | 2 | 2.8 | Rubin et al. (2025) |
| Statistical discrimination theory | 2 | 2.8 | Li et al. (2024) |
| Technology acceptance model (TAM) | 2 | 2.8 | Bin-Nashwan et al. (2025) |
| Actor network theory | 1 | 1.4 | Kear (2017) |
| Affirmative action theory | 1 | 1.4 | Li et al. (2024) |
| Arrow–Bilir–Sorensen (ABS) model | 1 | 1.4 | Tubadji et al. (2021) |
| Attribution theory | 1 | 1.4 | Athota et al. (2023) |
| Computers are social actors (CASA) framework | 1 | 1.4 | Miazek and Bocian (2025) |
| Contextual integrity theory | 1 | 1.4 | Packin and Lev-Aretz (2024) |
| Design theory framework | 1 | 1.4 | Sulastri et al. (2024) |
| Divide and conquer framework | 1 | 1.4 | Wu et al. (2025) |
| Egocentric ethics theory | 1 | 1.4 | Miazek and Bocian (2025) |
| Evolutionary theory | 1 | 1.4 | Peng et al. (2022) |
| Financial theory | 1 | 1.4 | Rubin et al. (2025) |
| Game theory | 1 | 1.4 | Lu and Calabrese (2023) |
| Implicit personality theory | 1 | 1.4 | Hsieh et al. (2020) |
| Information manipulation theory | 1 | 1.4 | Li et al. (2024) |
| Information system theories on trusting beliefs | 1 | 1.4 | Rubin et al. (2025) |
| Markowitz model | 1 | 1.4 | Zhang et al. (2022) |
| Neyman–Rubin potential outcomes framework | 1 | 1.4 | Bockel-Rickermann et al. (2025) |
| Organizational trust model | 1 | 1.4 | Hsieh et al. (2020) |
| Parallel-constraint-satisfaction theory | 1 | 1.4 | Antretter et al. (2025) |
| Role theory | 1 | 1.4 | Matthews et al. (2024) |
| Signaling theory | 1 | 1.4 | Momtaz (2021) |
| Social exchange theory | 1 | 1.4 | Liu et al. (2024) |
| Social role theory | 1 | 1.4 | Matthews et al. (2024) |
| Spreading activation theory of memory | 1 | 1.4 | Yoo et al. (2022) |
| Theory of mind deficits | 1 | 1.4 | Król and Król (2021) |
| Theory of social justice | 1 | 1.4 | Diniz et al. (2024) |
| Technological-organizational-environmental (TOE) framework | 1 | 1.4 | Bin-Nashwan et al. (2025) |
| Other theories | 24 | 33.3 | Tubadji et al. (2021), Gurdgiev and O'Loughlin (2020), Zhang et al. (2022) |
| Theory | Frequency | % | Exemplary articles |
|---|---|---|---|
| Concept of cognitive bias | 5 | 6.9 | |
| Prospect theory | 4 | 5.6 | |
| Economic theory | 2 | 2.8 | |
| Framing effects | 2 | 2.8 | |
| Information asymmetry theory | 2 | 2.8 | |
| Resource-based view | 2 | 2.8 | |
| Statistical discrimination theory | 2 | 2.8 | |
| Technology acceptance model (TAM) | 2 | 2.8 | |
| Actor network theory | 1 | 1.4 | |
| Affirmative action theory | 1 | 1.4 | |
| Arrow–Bilir–Sorensen (ABS) model | 1 | 1.4 | |
| Attribution theory | 1 | 1.4 | |
| Computers are social actors (CASA) framework | 1 | 1.4 | |
| Contextual integrity theory | 1 | 1.4 | |
| Design theory framework | 1 | 1.4 | |
| Divide and conquer framework | 1 | 1.4 | |
| Egocentric ethics theory | 1 | 1.4 | |
| Evolutionary theory | 1 | 1.4 | |
| Financial theory | 1 | 1.4 | |
| Game theory | 1 | 1.4 | |
| Implicit personality theory | 1 | 1.4 | |
| Information manipulation theory | 1 | 1.4 | |
| Information system theories on trusting beliefs | 1 | 1.4 | |
| Markowitz model | 1 | 1.4 | |
| Neyman–Rubin potential outcomes framework | 1 | 1.4 | |
| Organizational trust model | 1 | 1.4 | |
| Parallel-constraint-satisfaction theory | 1 | 1.4 | |
| Role theory | 1 | 1.4 | |
| Signaling theory | 1 | 1.4 | |
| Social exchange theory | 1 | 1.4 | |
| Social role theory | 1 | 1.4 | |
| Spreading activation theory of memory | 1 | 1.4 | |
| Theory of mind deficits | 1 | 1.4 | |
| Theory of social justice | 1 | 1.4 | |
| Technological-organizational-environmental (TOE) framework | 1 | 1.4 | |
| Other theories | 24 | 33.3 |
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