Interviews

Ethnographic analysis

Secondary source analysis (website content, reports, news, articles)

Hypothetical situation analysis

SEM, PLS-SEM

ANOVA

Regression techniques (binary logistic, OLS, classification of regression trees, linear mixed-effects, linear probability, logistic, panel, Poisson, penalized, univariate quantile, bivariate probit)

T-test

Machine learning and AI-based predictive models (artificial neural network, support vector machine, decision tree, random forest, gradient boosting methods, causal forest, k-prototype clustering, ML dimensionality reduction, anomaly detection techniques, reject inference, object selection algorithm, LDA)

Structural and interpretive modeling (integrated statistical method, interpretive structural modeling, MICMAC, latent analysis)

Numerical experiment

Counterfactual analysis

Difference-in-differences (DID) strategy

Randomized controlled trials

Reciprocal hazard rate models (RHRMs)

Reinforcement learning