Table 1 A list of factors related to... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

A list of factors related to workplace design and their impact on employees

Factors	Description
Physical dimensions
Spatial configuration and barriers	Spatial configurations determine employees' privacy and control over distraction levels in the workplace (Elsbach and Pratt, 2007). Yet, barriers within these configurations may impede collaboration (Mark, 2002) and reinforce undesirable status differences (Elsbach and Pratt, 2007)
Personalization	Workplace personalization helps maintain emotional energy when facing stressors and distractions (Laurence et al., 2013) and affirms distinct identities (Elsbach, 2003)
Technological dimensions
Digital tools	Digital tools can enhance flexibility, autonomy (Golden, 2009) and job performance (Duan et al., 2024) and enable flexible work arrangements (Aroles et al., 2021)
Digital overload	Digital overload may lead to stress, anxiety and interruptions and create a state of “technological ill-being” (Leclercq-Vandelannoitte, 2019)
Socio-cultural dimensions
Digital-enabled workplace arrangements	Digital-enabled workplace arrangements can reduce travel time and enhance focus at work (Waizenegger et al., 2020)
Identity and belonging	Workplace design can facilitate a situated identity and create a sense of self (Ashforth et al., 2024), a sense of community and belonging of employee (Hirst, 2011)
Interactions and relations	Workplace design can impact relationship building and employee strain by influencing factors such as proximity, workspace assignment, privacy and crowding (Khazanchi et al., 2018). The design may also structure a social landscape that shapes the interactions and working relationships between employees (Ashforth et al., 2024)

Factors	Description
Physical dimensions
Spatial configuration and barriers	Spatial configurations determine employees' privacy and control over distraction levels in the workplace (Elsbach and Pratt, 2007). Yet, barriers within these configurations may impede collaboration (Mark, 2002) and reinforce undesirable status differences (Elsbach and Pratt, 2007)
Personalization	Workplace personalization helps maintain emotional energy when facing stressors and distractions (Laurence et al., 2013) and affirms distinct identities (Elsbach, 2003)
Technological dimensions
Digital tools	Digital tools can enhance flexibility, autonomy (Golden, 2009) and job performance (Duan et al., 2024) and enable flexible work arrangements (Aroles et al., 2021)
Digital overload	Digital overload may lead to stress, anxiety and interruptions and create a state of “technological ill-being” (Leclercq-Vandelannoitte, 2019)
Socio-cultural dimensions
Digital-enabled workplace arrangements	Digital-enabled workplace arrangements can reduce travel time and enhance focus at work (Waizenegger et al., 2020)
Identity and belonging	Workplace design can facilitate a situated identity and create a sense of self (Ashforth et al., 2024), a sense of community and belonging of employee (Hirst, 2011)
Interactions and relations	Workplace design can impact relationship building and employee strain by influencing factors such as proximity, workspace assignment, privacy and crowding (Khazanchi et al., 2018). The design may also structure a social landscape that shapes the interactions and working relationships between employees (Ashforth et al., 2024)