Table 2 Summary of FinTech domains,... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2

Summary of FinTech domains, innovations, players, and capacity implications

FinTech domain	Key innovations	Representative players/platforms	Capacity implications
Digital payments and banking	Mobile payments, contactless cards, neobanks, open banking	M-Pesa, Revolut, Alipay	Payment infrastructure, cybersecurity, financial literacy
Lending and credit	Peer-to-peer (P2P) lending, crowdfunding, balance sheet lending	LendingClub, Funding Circle, Kiva	Credit risk assessment, regulatory compliance, credit data systems
WealthTech and investment	Robo-advisory, algorithmic trading, DeFi platforms	Betterment, Wealthfront, Coinbase	Data analytics, investor education, algorithmic transparency
InsurTech	Usage-based insurance, AI underwriting, blockchain claims	Lemonade, ZhongAn	Actuarial data management, privacy regulations, AI model oversight
Blockchain and Crypto	Cryptocurrencies, stablecoins, NFTs, tokenised assets	Bitcoin, Ethereum, Binance	Distributed ledger infrastructure, cybersecurity, regulatory coordination
Cross-cutting enablers	AI, big data analytics, cloud computing, cybersecurity	IBM, Microsoft, AWS	Talent development, digital infrastructure, ethical AI use

FinTech domain	Key innovations	Representative players/platforms	Capacity implications
Digital payments and banking	Mobile payments, contactless cards, neobanks, open banking	M-Pesa, Revolut, Alipay	Payment infrastructure, cybersecurity, financial literacy
Lending and credit	Peer-to-peer (P2P) lending, crowdfunding, balance sheet lending	LendingClub, Funding Circle, Kiva	Credit risk assessment, regulatory compliance, credit data systems
WealthTech and investment	Robo-advisory, algorithmic trading, DeFi platforms	Betterment, Wealthfront, Coinbase	Data analytics, investor education, algorithmic transparency
InsurTech	Usage-based insurance, AI underwriting, blockchain claims	Lemonade, ZhongAn	Actuarial data management, privacy regulations, AI model oversight
Blockchain and Crypto	Cryptocurrencies, stablecoins, NFTs, tokenised assets	Bitcoin, Ethereum, Binance	Distributed ledger infrastructure, cybersecurity, regulatory coordination
Cross-cutting enablers	AI, big data analytics, cloud computing, cybersecurity	IBM, Microsoft, AWS	Talent development, digital infrastructure, ethical AI use

Source(s): Authors' compilation based on literature [e.g. Gomber et al. (2018); Lee and Shin (2018); Nakamoto (2008); PwC (2020); Zetzsche et al. (2020a, b)]