Table 3

Cross-domain theoretical synthesis and systemic tensions

FinTech domainPrimary theoretical lensCore analytical mechanismInherent systemic tension/Paradox
Digital paymentsPlatform economicsMulti-sided network effects drive lightning-fast, zero-marginal-cost scalingMonopolisation paradox: Democratises user access but naturally aggregates massive market power into a few dominant BigTech gatekeepers
Alternative lendingDisruptive innovation theoryAlgorithmic scoring utilising non-traditional digital footprints bypasses physical bank infrastructure (Berg et al., 2020)Inclusion vs. exploitation: Expands credit lines to historically unbanked populations but risks embedding systemic bias into automated credit scoring
WealthTech and InsurTechFinancial intermediation theoryFractionalisation of assets and automated smart contracts unbundle traditional risk pooling and distributionAsymmetric trust: Lowers advisory fees and structural overhead but shifts complex portfolio and asset risks entirely onto retail consumers
Blockchain and DeFiInstitutional theoryDecentralised validator networks bypass centralised socio-legal compliance mechanismsRegulatory arbitrage: Maximises peer-to-peer security and execution speed while operating deliberately outside traditional sovereign legal protections
Source(s): Authors' compilation (2026)

or Create an Account

Close Modal
Close Modal