The values of and corresponding ENu for mono, hybrid, ternary and tetra nanofluids at 5% volume fraction when compared to the base fluid at
| ENu (in %) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5% volume fraction shape | Sphere | Brick | Cylinder | Platelets | Blade | Sphere | Brick | Cylinder | Platelets | Blade |
| Base fluid | 1.32799 | 1.32799 | 1.32799 | 1.32799 | 1.32799 | – | – | – | – | – |
| 1.32513 | 1.35659 | 1.40907 | 1.44357 | 1.56598 | −0.22 | 2.15 | 6.11 | 8.70 | 17.92 | |
| 1.31733 | 1.34789 | 1.39927 | 1.43358 | 1.55428 | −0.80 | 1.50 | 5.37 | 7.95 | 17.04 | |
| 1.30283 | 1.31273 | 1.32927 | 1.34018 | 1.38023 | −1.89 | −1.15 | 0.10 | 0.92 | 3.93 | |
| 1.36084 | 1.38751 | 1.43156 | 1.46158 | 1.56593 | 2.47 | 4.48 | 7.80 | 10.06 | 17.91 | |
| 1.31312 | 1.37582 | 1.48346 | 1.55732 | 1.83120 | −1.12 | 3.60 | 11.71 | 17.27 | 37.89 | |
| 1.29764 | 1.33642 | 1.40107 | 1.44326 | 1.58891 | −2.29 | 0.63 | 5.50 | 8.68 | 19.66 | |
| 1.35309 | 1.41100 | 1.51059 | 1.57817 | 1.82340 | 1.89 | 6.25 | 13.75 | 18.84 | 37.30 | |
| 1.29099 | 1.32844 | 1.39260 | 1.43446 | 1.57814 | −2.79 | 0.03 | 4.87 | 8.02 | 18.84 | |
| 1.34651 | 1.40403 | 1.50174 | 1.56922 | 1.81183 | 1.39 | 5.73 | 13.08 | 18.17 | 36.43 | |
| 1.33105 | 1.36702 | 1.42718 | 1.46863 | 1.61871 | 0.23 | 2.94 | 7.47 | 10.59 | 21.89 | |
| 1.28306 | 1.35100 | 1.46733 | 1.54382 | 1.81436 | −3.38 | 1.73 | 10.49 | 16.25 | 36.62 | |
| 1.31482 | 1.37922 | 1.49092 | 1.56408 | 1.83100 | −0.99 | 3.86 | 12.27 | 17.78 | 37.88 | |
| 1.32091 | 1.38590 | 1.49780 | 1.57275 | 1.84181 | −0.53 | 4.36 | 12.79 | 18.43 | 38.69 | |
| 1.33766 | 1.42664 | 1.58394 | 1.69286 | 2.10465 | 0.73 | 7.43 | 19.27 | 27.48 | 58.48 | |
| 1.30337 | 1.39819 | 1.56220 | 1.67287 | 2.07809 | −1.85 | 5.29 | 17.64 | 25.97 | 56.48 | |
| 5% volume fraction shape | Sphere | Brick | Cylinder | Platelets | Blade | Sphere | Brick | Cylinder | Platelets | Blade |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Base fluid | 1.32799 | 1.32799 | 1.32799 | 1.32799 | 1.32799 | – | – | – | – | – |
| 1.32513 | 1.35659 | 1.40907 | 1.44357 | 1.56598 | −0.22 | 2.15 | 6.11 | 8.70 | 17.92 | |
| 1.31733 | 1.34789 | 1.39927 | 1.43358 | 1.55428 | −0.80 | 1.50 | 5.37 | 7.95 | 17.04 | |
| 1.30283 | 1.31273 | 1.32927 | 1.34018 | 1.38023 | −1.89 | −1.15 | 0.10 | 0.92 | 3.93 | |
| 1.36084 | 1.38751 | 1.43156 | 1.46158 | 1.56593 | 2.47 | 4.48 | 7.80 | 10.06 | 17.91 | |
| 1.31312 | 1.37582 | 1.48346 | 1.55732 | 1.83120 | −1.12 | 3.60 | 11.71 | 17.27 | 37.89 | |
| 1.29764 | 1.33642 | 1.40107 | 1.44326 | 1.58891 | −2.29 | 0.63 | 5.50 | 8.68 | 19.66 | |
| 1.35309 | 1.41100 | 1.51059 | 1.57817 | 1.82340 | 1.89 | 6.25 | 13.75 | 18.84 | 37.30 | |
| 1.29099 | 1.32844 | 1.39260 | 1.43446 | 1.57814 | −2.79 | 0.03 | 4.87 | 8.02 | 18.84 | |
| 1.34651 | 1.40403 | 1.50174 | 1.56922 | 1.81183 | 1.39 | 5.73 | 13.08 | 18.17 | 36.43 | |
| 1.33105 | 1.36702 | 1.42718 | 1.46863 | 1.61871 | 0.23 | 2.94 | 7.47 | 10.59 | 21.89 | |
| 1.28306 | 1.35100 | 1.46733 | 1.54382 | 1.81436 | −3.38 | 1.73 | 10.49 | 16.25 | 36.62 | |
| 1.31482 | 1.37922 | 1.49092 | 1.56408 | 1.83100 | −0.99 | 3.86 | 12.27 | 17.78 | 37.88 | |
| 1.32091 | 1.38590 | 1.49780 | 1.57275 | 1.84181 | −0.53 | 4.36 | 12.79 | 18.43 | 38.69 | |
| 1.33766 | 1.42664 | 1.58394 | 1.69286 | 2.10465 | 0.73 | 7.43 | 19.27 | 27.48 | 58.48 | |
| 1.30337 | 1.39819 | 1.56220 | 1.67287 | 2.07809 | −1.85 | 5.29 | 17.64 | 25.97 | 56.48 | |
Sharing content requires targeting cookies to be enabled. Please update your cookie preferences to use this feature.