A qualitative assessment of the suitability of renewable energy options in the Singapore port’s context
| Renewable energy source | Local favorable conditions | Local unfavorable conditions | Opportunities to be further examined | Concrete projects and realizations in Singapore |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Underground Thermal Energy | Not available for power generation at present | No facilities available in Singapore | None, not available for seaport terminals | None |
| Solar Energy | Abundant sunlight throughout the year Extensive local sustainable finance ecosystem Ambitions of Singapore government in terms of green energy | Variation of solar energy (cloud cover and rain) Land availability issues for ground-level solar parks and Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Potential competing uses of solar energy generation in port (e.g. green mobility) | Need for an energy storage system and smart energy management system to manage the intermittency issue Potential for new land-saving applications such as floating and vertical solar parks Use more electric-powered cargo handling equipment with charging from solar energy outputs | Since 2016: solar panels on top of warehouses in Jurong Port Since 2018: solar system in Pasir Panjang Terminal Since 2022: solar energy for electric port equipment and administrative buildings at Tuas Port |
| Wind Energy | Extensive coastline for a small island state | Low average wind speed A territorial sea full of navigation channels and anchorages High urbanization and industrialization of available land Incompatibility with nearby SEVESO plants and airport activity | Very limited | None |
| Wave Energy | Not present | Limited wave dynamics in Singapore waters Water surface availability issues in territorial sea | Very limited | None |
| Renewable energy source | Local favorable conditions | Local unfavorable conditions | Opportunities to be further examined | Concrete projects and realizations in Singapore |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Underground Thermal Energy | Not available for power generation at present | No facilities available in Singapore | None, not available for seaport terminals | None |
| Solar Energy | Abundant sunlight throughout the year | Variation of solar energy (cloud cover and rain) | Need for an energy storage system and smart energy management system to manage the intermittency issue | Since 2016: solar panels on top of warehouses in Jurong Port |
| Wind Energy | Extensive coastline for a small island state | Low average wind speed | Very limited | None |
| Wave Energy | Not present | Limited wave dynamics in Singapore waters | Very limited | None |
Source(s): Authors
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