Descriptive statistics
| Variable | Theoretical contribution | # Obs | Mean | Min | Max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Support (0: No, 1: Yes): Full sample incl. non-participants | Dependent Variable | 608 | 0.2500 | 0 | 1 |
| Dependent Variable | 339 | 0.4484 | 0 | 1 |
| Dependent Variable | 261 | 0.5824 | 0 | 1 |
| Gender (1: Women) | “Legitimacy Perspective” | 608 | 0.4556 | 0 | 1 |
| Young (1: Age <26 years) | “Legitimacy Perspective” | 608 | 0.3684 | 0 | 1 |
| Education (1: > High School) | “Legitimacy Perspective” | 608 | 0.7418 | 0 | 1 |
| Interest Esports (1: Yes) | Social Exchange Theory | 608 | 0.2336 | 0 | 1 |
| Active Esports (1: Yes) | Social Exchange Theory | 608 | 0.0987 | 0 | 1 |
| Esports Olympic (1: Yes) | Legitimacy Theory | 608 | 0.0641 | 0 | 1 |
| Esports are Sports (1: Yes) | Social Exchange Theory | 608 | 0.3191 | 0 | 1 |
| Income from Tourism (1: Yes) | Social Exchange Theory | 608 | 0.2467 | 0 | 1 |
| Trust in Local Government (1: Yes) | Legitimacy Theory | 608 | 0.0724 | 0 | 1 |
| Trust in IOC (1: Yes) | Legitimacy Theory | 608 | 0.0773 | 0 | 1 |
| WOG 2026 Referendum: Support (1: Yes) | Legitimacy Theory | 608 | 0.1036 | 0 | 1 |
| Variable | Theoretical contribution | # Obs | Mean | Min | Max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Support (0: No, 1: Yes): Full sample incl. non-participants | Dependent Variable | 608 | 0.2500 | 0 | 1 |
Excl. non-participants but incl. non-disclosing respondents | Dependent Variable | 339 | 0.4484 | 0 | 1 |
Excl. non-participants and excl. non-disclosing respondents | Dependent Variable | 261 | 0.5824 | 0 | 1 |
| Gender (1: Women) | “Legitimacy Perspective” | 608 | 0.4556 | 0 | 1 |
| Young (1: Age <26 years) | “Legitimacy Perspective” | 608 | 0.3684 | 0 | 1 |
| Education (1: > High School) | “Legitimacy Perspective” | 608 | 0.7418 | 0 | 1 |
| Interest Esports (1: Yes) | Social Exchange Theory | 608 | 0.2336 | 0 | 1 |
| Active Esports (1: Yes) | Social Exchange Theory | 608 | 0.0987 | 0 | 1 |
| Esports Olympic (1: Yes) | Legitimacy Theory | 608 | 0.0641 | 0 | 1 |
| Esports are Sports (1: Yes) | Social Exchange Theory | 608 | 0.3191 | 0 | 1 |
| Income from Tourism (1: Yes) | Social Exchange Theory | 608 | 0.2467 | 0 | 1 |
| Trust in Local Government (1: Yes) | Legitimacy Theory | 608 | 0.0724 | 0 | 1 |
| Trust in IOC (1: Yes) | Legitimacy Theory | 608 | 0.0773 | 0 | 1 |
| WOG 2026 Referendum: Support (1: Yes) | Legitimacy Theory | 608 | 0.1036 | 0 | 1 |
Note(s): The coding of the variables is reported in parentheses. Four variables were collected in the survey using Likert scales: (i) Interest in Esports (1–5; 5 indicating strong interest), (ii) Active Esports Participation (1–6; 1–3: several times per week/month; 4–6: once a week, rarely, never), (iii) Trust in the IOC (1–4; 4 indicating high trust), and (iv) Trust in Local Government (1–4; 4 indicating high trust). For (i), a binary indicator was constructed that takes the value 1 if the Likert-scale response is greater than or equal to 3. For (ii), the indicator variable is set to 1 for responses of 3 or below, and to 0 otherwise. For (iii) and (iv), binary indicators were created that take the value 1 if the Likert-scale response equals 4, and 0 in all other cases
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