Table 1 Sample characteristics ( N =...

Table 1

Sample characteristics (N = 354)

Variable	Items	Frequency	Percentage (%)
Firm age (years)	5–15 years	78	22.03
	16–30 years	223	63.00
	More than 30 years	53	14.97
Firm scale (employee)	Less than 300	24	6.78
	301 and 1,000	53	14.97
	1,001 and 2,000	88	24.86
	2,001 and 3,000	133	37.57
	More than 3,000	56	15.82
Ownership	state-owned	129	36.44
	private-owned	95	26.84
	three-funded	26	7.34
	collective	45	12.71
	Others	59	16.67
Industry	textile and apparel	28	7.91
	furniture	67	18.93
	food processing	94	26.55
	pharmaceutical manufacturing	118	33.33
	Others	47	13.28
Region	Shanxi	117	33.05
	Jiangsu	82	23.16
	Shanghai	56	15.82
	Hebei	99	27.97

Variable	Items	Frequency	Percentage (%)
Firm age (years)	5–15 years	78	22.03
	16–30 years	223	63.00
	More than 30 years	53	14.97
Firm scale (employee)	Less than 300	24	6.78
	301 and 1,000	53	14.97
	1,001 and 2,000	88	24.86
	2,001 and 3,000	133	37.57
	More than 3,000	56	15.82
Ownership	state-owned	129	36.44
	private-owned	95	26.84
	three-funded	26	7.34
	collective	45	12.71
	Others	59	16.67
Industry	textile and apparel	28	7.91
	furniture	67	18.93
	food processing	94	26.55
	pharmaceutical manufacturing	118	33.33
	Others	47	13.28
Region	Shanxi	117	33.05
	Jiangsu	82	23.16
	Shanghai	56	15.82
	Hebei	99	27.97

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