Table 3. Summary of superordinate themes... | Emerald Publishing

Table 3.

Summary of superordinate themes and sub-themes

Superordinate theme	Sub-themes
1. Diminishing quality of teaching and learning	1.1 Declining instructor commitment and motivation
	1.2 Teaching as course completion rather than student understanding
	1.3 Deficits in pedagogical competence
2. Inadequate learning resources and infrastructure	2.1 Laboratory shortages and non-functional facilities
2. Inadequate learning resources and infrastructure	2.2 Library, ICT and E-learning constraints
3. Weak quality management and monitoring practices	3.1 Hierarchical disparities in managerial commitment
3. Weak quality management and monitoring practices	3.2 The shadow of external constraints
4. Student motivation, well-being and external pressures	4.1 Deteriorating student motivation and uncertain futures
4. Student motivation, well-being and external pressures	4.2 Gaps in student welfare and basic service delivery
5. Equity, inclusion and ethical concerns	5.1 Challenges faced by students with disabilities
5. Equity, inclusion and ethical concerns	5.2 Unprofessional conduct behind the academic veil
6. Output-oriented evaluation as superficial quality assurance	6.1 The exit exam, {paradox}
	6.2 Superficial quality assurance

Superordinate theme	Sub-themes
1. Diminishing quality of teaching and learning	1.1 Declining instructor commitment and motivation
	1.2 Teaching as course completion rather than student understanding
	1.3 Deficits in pedagogical competence
2. Inadequate learning resources and infrastructure	2.1 Laboratory shortages and non-functional facilities
2. Inadequate learning resources and infrastructure	2.2 Library, ICT and E-learning constraints
3. Weak quality management and monitoring practices	3.1 Hierarchical disparities in managerial commitment
3. Weak quality management and monitoring practices	3.2 The shadow of external constraints
4. Student motivation, well-being and external pressures	4.1 Deteriorating student motivation and uncertain futures
4. Student motivation, well-being and external pressures	4.2 Gaps in student welfare and basic service delivery
5. Equity, inclusion and ethical concerns	5.1 Challenges faced by students with disabilities
5. Equity, inclusion and ethical concerns	5.2 Unprofessional conduct behind the academic veil
6. Output-oriented evaluation as superficial quality assurance	6.1 The exit exam, {paradox}
	6.2 Superficial quality assurance