Table 4

Model structure coefficients in the group of students from 1st to 3rd semester

RelationshipStructural coefficient (β)SignificanceInterpretation
Conceptions → motivation0.675p < 0.001Strong impact consistent with the theory, where conceptions significantly influence motivation
Motivation → self-regulation0.190p < 0.001Moderate influence: motivation has a positiveimited impact on self-regulation
self-Regulation → processing0.852p < 0.001High direct impact: students with greater learning self-regulation tend to employ deeper information processing
Conceptions → processing (Total effect)0.542p < 0.001Considerable total effect, mainly composed of indirect effects mediated by self-regulation
Source(s): Own elaboration is based on the results from R studio software

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