Table 4

Port-level cross-case disclosure summary

PortInsetting-like initiative types disclosedCIC dimension(s) evidencedDouble materialityScope 4 (avoided emissions)Knowledge decoupling cues
RotterdamShore power, hydrogen infrastructure, CCS, electrification, industrial symbiosisStructural, Relational, HumanYes, double materiality assessment presentedNo explicit Scope 4 methodology; avoided emissions discussed qualitativelyISO/MRV stated; explicit project boundaries; limitations disclosed
Antwerp–BrugesAlternative fuels, electrification, energy transition projects, modal shiftStructural, RelationalPartly, materiality referenced at strategic level, limited methodological detailNo, avoided emissions not disclosedStandards-based reporting; platform-level boundaries
HamburgShore power, renewable energy hubs, digital infrastructure, rail connectivityStructural, Relational, HumanImplicit, materiality embedded in strategy, not formalised as double materialityNo, avoided emissions not disclosedCertified systems; infrastructure-bound scope
ValenciaShore power (OPS), renewable energy, energy efficiency, rail infrastructureStructuralNo, materiality not framed as double materialityNo, avoided emissions not disclosedEMAS/ISO verification; explicit system limits
BarcelonaElectrification, alternative fuels, mobility transition, circular initiativesStructural, Relational, HumanImplicit, sustainability strategy and stakeholder engagement, not formalised as double materialityNo, avoided emissions not disclosedInitiative-focused; limited methodological disclosure
Marseille FosShore power, LNG, hydrogen, modal shift, circular economy projectsStructural, RelationalNo, materiality framed narrativelyNo, avoided emissions not disclosedProject-level boundaries; no counterfactual framing
Ports of GenoaElectrification, rail connectivity, energy transition projectsStructural, RelationalImplicit, materiality discussed but not formalisedNo, avoided emissions not disclosedOrganisational boundaries; limits disclosed
TriesteRail-based modal shift, energy efficiency, digitalisationStructural, RelationalImplicit, materiality discussed descriptivelyNo, avoided emissions not disclosedSystem-level boundaries; strategy and measurement separation
PiraeusElectrification, infrastructure upgrades, energy efficiency, EU-funded projectsStructural, Relational, HumanYes, formal double materiality assessmentNo, avoided emissions not disclosedESRS-aligned assumptions; risk boundaries; data gaps stated
GdańskElectrification, renewable electricity, low-emission constructionStructural, HumanNo, materiality not framed as double materialityNo, avoided emissions not disclosedScope 1–2 boundaries; no avoided emissions logic
Source(s): Authors' own processing of selected European ports' sustainability reports (2020–2024)

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