Table 1 Operationalization of core...

Table 1

Operationalization of core concepts

Concept	Analytical meaning	Observable indicators	Primary evidence
Reconfiguration of power	Change in the distribution or exercise of influence through legal means	Voting alignments; institutional outcomes; sanctions regimes; changes in recognition status	UN resolutions; court decisions; official state positions
Normative legitimacy	Ability to claim lawful or morally authorized conduct	Supportive resolutions; advisory opinions; formal endorsements; coalition backing	UN documents; multilateral statements; legal briefs
Strategic cost imposition	Use of law to generate material, reputational or diplomatic pressure	Judicial rulings; economic consequences; reputational damage; diplomatic isolation	Court records; sanctions notices; official communiques
Structural feature	Routinized and repeatable use of legal arenas within conflict management	Recurrence across cases; institutionalization in doctrine; cross-arena diffusion; repeated procedural use	Security doctrines; official reports; repeated litigation or investigative practice

Concept	Analytical meaning	Observable indicators	Primary evidence
Reconfiguration of power	Change in the distribution or exercise of influence through legal means	Voting alignments; institutional outcomes; sanctions regimes; changes in recognition status	UN resolutions; court decisions; official state positions
Normative legitimacy	Ability to claim lawful or morally authorized conduct	Supportive resolutions; advisory opinions; formal endorsements; coalition backing	UN documents; multilateral statements; legal briefs
Strategic cost imposition	Use of law to generate material, reputational or diplomatic pressure	Judicial rulings; economic consequences; reputational damage; diplomatic isolation	Court records; sanctions notices; official communiques
Structural feature	Routinized and repeatable use of legal arenas within conflict management	Recurrence across cases; institutionalization in doctrine; cross-arena diffusion; repeated procedural use	Security doctrines; official reports; repeated litigation or investigative practice

Source(s): Prepared by the author based on the analytical framework developed in this article and derived from relevant scholarship, especially Kittrie (2016), Finnemore and Toope (2001), Nye and Goldsmith (2011), Barnett and Finnemore (2004) and United Nations Human Rights Council (2018), together with United Nations General Assembly documents (2016, 2022), court decisions and filings, sanctions notices, commissions of inquiry reports and official state positions cited in the text

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