Table 3

AI role, innovation categories and AI impacts in healthcare

AI roleInnovation categoryAI impacts
AI-assistedIncremental innovationMedical practitioners retain full control on the care path and on decisions, but the interaction with the patient is mediated by the AI
AI-augmentedSustaining innovationBlurs the boundary between human–machine interaction. The process is still human-centered
AI-automatedRadical innovation
Disruptive innovation
Transition from human-centered to AI-centered medical processes
Source(s): Authors' elaboration

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