Table 2 ANOVA results Dependent variable...

Table 2

ANOVA results

Dependent variable	F-value	p-value	df between	df within	Effect size (η²)
Cognitive Engagement	18.42	<0.001	2	120	0.53
No. of Generated Ideas	22.67	<0.001	2	120	0.58
Originality	15.89	<0.001	2	120	0.49
Feasibility	13.75	<0.001	2	120	0.46
Overconfidence	19.21	<0.001	2	120	0.55

Dependent variable	F-value	p-value	df between	df within	Effect size (η²)
Cognitive Engagement	18.42	<0.001	2	120	0.53
No. of Generated Ideas	22.67	<0.001	2	120	0.58
Originality	15.89	<0.001	2	120	0.49
Feasibility	13.75	<0.001	2	120	0.46
Overconfidence	19.21	<0.001	2	120	0.55

Note(s): The No-AI condition was administered on paper, whereas AI-assisted conditions were online. Cross-mode comparisons are interpreted cautiously. Originality and feasibility scores represent the sum of expert ratings across all ideas per participant (1–3 scale per idea). Per-idea mean analyses produced consistent results

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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