Table 3 Polynomial regression results...

Table 3

Polynomial regression results

Model	Predictor	β	SE	t-value	p-value	R²
No. of Generated Ideas	AI Assistance (Linear)	0.58	0.07	8.29	<0.001	0.62
No. of Generated Ideas	AI Assistance² (Quadratic)	−0.31	0.08	−3.88	<0.01
Cognitive Engagement	AI Assistance (Linear)	0.65	0.06	10.83	<0.001	0.67
Cognitive Engagement	AI Assistance² (Quadratic)	−0.28	0.07	−4.12	<0.01

Model	Predictor	β	SE	t-value	p-value	R²
No. of Generated Ideas	AI Assistance (Linear)	0.58	0.07	8.29	<0.001	0.62
No. of Generated Ideas	AI Assistance² (Quadratic)	−0.31	0.08	−3.88	<0.01
Cognitive Engagement	AI Assistance (Linear)	0.65	0.06	10.83	<0.001	0.67
Cognitive Engagement	AI Assistance² (Quadratic)	−0.28	0.07	−4.12	<0.01

Note(s): Moderate and high AI assistance correspond to ≤15 and > 15 total interactions, respectively; threshold validated through piecewise regression within the AI-assisted sample

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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