Table 3 Elaboration of the case study...

Table 3

Elaboration of the case study requirements by data quality components and criteria

Data quality component	Key requirement for the case study	Quality criteria
Relevance: data serves to address the purposes for which they are sought by users, or which they are presented as addressing	It is envisaged that the CI will be produced on an annual basis, therefore availability of annual series is important. It is the desire that the CI will be replicated at the global level; therefore indicators responding to international service delivery standards and SDGs are a priority. The indicator is more useful if it responds to national development aspirations as well as the stages of the constructed theoretical framework for the CI	The indicator responds to a global (SDG), national development framework or sectoral program
		The indicator responds to theoretical framework (service provider-user interaction) of the case study (CI for service delivery)
		Statistics are produced for the reference year and published for the year 2021
		The frequency of production (data and indicator update) is annual
		The indicator responds to a known global or national service delivery standard
Interpretability: data are easily understood and properly used by users	This CI prefers the use of already published data by national authorities in the form that it is required. An indicator published in a graph or table with accompanying information on how it was produced is important for enhancing interpretation and use. Additionally, an indicator published in the form that it is required is of priority to this case study	The indicator is published in the main national report using a table or graph or map
		The indicator is published with some form of narrative text about the contents of the table
		The indicator is published in the main national report in a table or graph with some form of explanation on compilation practices
		The indicator is conceptually clear at face value
		The indicator is not proxy (published in the format that it is demanded)
Accuracy: source data and statistical techniques are sound, and statistical outputs sufficiently portray reality	It is the desire that this CI is replicated across many countries; therefore, priority is accorded to data collected from and for the relevant country from tested traditional sources. Indicators that represent judgements (although they respond to the service delivery phenomena) are less prioritized over the indicators obtained using objective measurements. This reduces dynamism of the indicator figures	Data for compilation of the indicator are obtained from a representative population
		Data are obtained using verifiable measurements (objective measurements and observations as compared to opinions and guesses)
		Data are obtained from the country of reference
		Data for the indicator are known, and their scope can be traced
		The source of data is traditional statistical source-survey, census or administrative
Methodological soundness: the methodological basis for the statistics follows internationally accepted standards, guidelines or good practices	Data compiled and aggregated using known international standards are preferred. The credibility of the producer, the similarity of timeliness for the numerator and denominator is important. In addition, data compiled for statistical purposes is assumed to be more methodologically sound	All data for computation of the indicator are compiled using either national or international standards
		Data and indicators are produced by credible national authorities
		Numerator and denominator are obtained from a single source for the same reference period
		The original intent for compiling data and producing the indicator is for statistical purposes
		The methods of computation of the indicator are known or can be traced
Statistical adequacy: data selected represent valid and reliable measures	This CI is to be presented by statistical regions; therefore, for every indicator and source, adequate number of observations should be generated to allow for such disaggregation	The source of data yielded adequate number of observations to guarantee the desired disaggregation for the case study (statistical region)
		The response rate for the study/module is reported and is above 70%
		Source data are obtained from and for the entire country
		For survey data, the standard errors and design effect for the data points are reported and tend to zero and 1, respectively

Data quality component	Key requirement for the case study	Quality criteria
Relevance: data serves to address the purposes for which they are sought by users, or which they are presented as addressing	It is envisaged that the CI will be produced on an annual basis, therefore availability of annual series is important. It is the desire that the CI will be replicated at the global level; therefore indicators responding to international service delivery standards and SDGs are a priority. The indicator is more useful if it responds to national development aspirations as well as the stages of the constructed theoretical framework for the CI	The indicator responds to a global (SDG), national development framework or sectoral program
		The indicator responds to theoretical framework (service provider-user interaction) of the case study (CI for service delivery)
		Statistics are produced for the reference year and published for the year 2021
		The frequency of production (data and indicator update) is annual
		The indicator responds to a known global or national service delivery standard
Interpretability: data are easily understood and properly used by users	This CI prefers the use of already published data by national authorities in the form that it is required. An indicator published in a graph or table with accompanying information on how it was produced is important for enhancing interpretation and use. Additionally, an indicator published in the form that it is required is of priority to this case study	The indicator is published in the main national report using a table or graph or map
		The indicator is published with some form of narrative text about the contents of the table
		The indicator is published in the main national report in a table or graph with some form of explanation on compilation practices
		The indicator is conceptually clear at face value
		The indicator is not proxy (published in the format that it is demanded)
Accuracy: source data and statistical techniques are sound, and statistical outputs sufficiently portray reality	It is the desire that this CI is replicated across many countries; therefore, priority is accorded to data collected from and for the relevant country from tested traditional sources. Indicators that represent judgements (although they respond to the service delivery phenomena) are less prioritized over the indicators obtained using objective measurements. This reduces dynamism of the indicator figures	Data for compilation of the indicator are obtained from a representative population
		Data are obtained using verifiable measurements (objective measurements and observations as compared to opinions and guesses)
		Data are obtained from the country of reference
		Data for the indicator are known, and their scope can be traced
		The source of data is traditional statistical source-survey, census or administrative
Methodological soundness: the methodological basis for the statistics follows internationally accepted standards, guidelines or good practices	Data compiled and aggregated using known international standards are preferred. The credibility of the producer, the similarity of timeliness for the numerator and denominator is important. In addition, data compiled for statistical purposes is assumed to be more methodologically sound	All data for computation of the indicator are compiled using either national or international standards
		Data and indicators are produced by credible national authorities
		Numerator and denominator are obtained from a single source for the same reference period
		The original intent for compiling data and producing the indicator is for statistical purposes
		The methods of computation of the indicator are known or can be traced
Statistical adequacy: data selected represent valid and reliable measures	This CI is to be presented by statistical regions; therefore, for every indicator and source, adequate number of observations should be generated to allow for such disaggregation	The source of data yielded adequate number of observations to guarantee the desired disaggregation for the case study (statistical region)
		The response rate for the study/module is reported and is above 70%
		Source data are obtained from and for the entire country
		For survey data, the standard errors and design effect for the data points are reported and tend to zero and 1, respectively

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