Key constructs and their operationalization
| Construct | Operational meaning in DT-Enabled ports | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| Cybersecurity capability | Technical controls aligned with governance, risk, training, and regulatory compliance; routinized and auditable | Cheung et al., 2021; Mehmood et al., 2019; Nankya et al., 2023; Ometov et al., 2018; Progoulakis et al., 2023; Senarak, 2024; Tam et al., 2021 |
| Knowledge management | Systematic codification, dissemination, and reuse of cyber knowledge through artifacts, routines, and simple reuse metrics | O’Dell and Grayson, 1998; Wang and Wang, 2019 |
| DT-enabled optimization | Data-reliant monitoring and planning whose performance depends on the integrity and availability of underlying data streams | de la Peña Zarzuelo, 2021; Klar et al., 2023 |
| Resilience and continuity | Learning-based readiness supported by redundancy, recovery objectives, and continuity planning | Di Vaio et al., 2025a, 2025b, 2025c; UNCTAD, 2022 |
| Stakeholder legitimacy | Credibility that arises when ports demonstrate how secure knowledge flows support environmental and operational goals | Bebbington et al., 2008; Calderaro and Craig, 2020; Papa et al., 2021; Sahoo, 2024 |
| Construct | Operational meaning in DT-Enabled ports | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| Cybersecurity capability | Technical controls aligned with governance, risk, training, and regulatory compliance; routinized and auditable | |
| Knowledge management | Systematic codification, dissemination, and reuse of cyber knowledge through artifacts, routines, and simple reuse metrics | |
| DT-enabled optimization | Data-reliant monitoring and planning whose performance depends on the integrity and availability of underlying data streams | |
| Resilience and continuity | Learning-based readiness supported by redundancy, recovery objectives, and continuity planning | |
| Stakeholder legitimacy | Credibility that arises when ports demonstrate how secure knowledge flows support environmental and operational goals |
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