Port performance dimensions where KM–cyber link to environmental outcomes
| Dimension | What it captures | Where KM-cyber matter for emissions |
|---|---|---|
| Efficiency | Turnaround time, throughput, resource utilization | Codified cyber learning reduces data errors in arrival planning and resource scheduling, which lowers idle time and fuel burn |
| Reliability | Predictability of services and schedules | Knowledge reuse stabilizes processes after incidents, limiting variability that would Cascade into extra steaming or anchorage time |
| Safety and security | Protection against accidental harm and intentional threats | Institutionalized training, drills, and post-incident learning reduce disruptions that would otherwise increase energy use and emissions (Chlomoudis et al., 2024; Tseng and Pilcher, 2017; UNCTAD, 2022; World Bank, 2021, 2025; Yang et al., 2014) |
| Dimension | What it captures | Where KM-cyber matter for emissions |
|---|---|---|
| Efficiency | Turnaround time, throughput, resource utilization | Codified cyber learning reduces data errors in arrival planning and resource scheduling, which lowers idle time and fuel burn |
| Reliability | Predictability of services and schedules | Knowledge reuse stabilizes processes after incidents, limiting variability that would Cascade into extra steaming or anchorage time |
| Safety and security | Protection against accidental harm and intentional threats | Institutionalized training, drills, and post-incident learning reduce disruptions that would otherwise increase energy use and emissions ( |
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