Table 1.

Secondary data gathering

Type of documentYear publishedPublished byNo. of pages
Vale’s Sustainability Report2019Vale S.A.136
Vale Integrated Report2021Vale S.A.150
Vale Reparation Report (2019) 2019Vale S.A.44
Report of the Expert Panel on the Technical Causes of the Failure of Feijão Dam2019Robertson et al. (2019) 81
Brazil’s dam disaster - BBC News2019Kathryn Westcott, 2019 - BBC News25
Brazil dam: How a German firm approved the Brazil dam before it burst.2019Hill, 2019 – BBC News, Brumadinho and Munich06
A Tidal Wave of Mud2019Darlington et al. (2019) – The New York Times27
IPE2019By Rachel Fixsen and Nick Reeve02
Reuters2019Paula Laier – Vale stock plunges after Brazil disaster03
The Church of England2019The investor mining and tailing safety initiative01
Wall Street Journal2019Hodari, David; Ramkumar, Amrith at WSJ02
Nasdaq2019Zacks – leading investment research firm focusing on stock research
The Global Industrial Standard on Tailings Management2020Metals (ICMM), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI)40
Vale Reparation Report (2020) 2020Vale S.A.35
Vale Reparation Report (2021) 2021Vale S.A.49
Three years after Brumadinho's tragedy, justice and accountability still elude the victims2022IndustriALL Global Unions affiliates2
Vale Reparation Report (2022) 2022Vale S.A.104
SEC Press Release2022U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission02
SEC Press Release2023U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
One of Brazil's largest socio-environmental and labour tragedies – five years on2024Rainforest Rescue4
Vale Performance Report (2024) 2024Vale S.A.39
CVM trial of Vale Executives over Brumadinho Dam Collapse brings new momentum2024Ana Xambre Pereira – Both Ends News7
Brumadinho: Six years after the tragedy, the fire brigade found traces of potential victims; three people are still missing2025Rafaela Mansur – Globo News (Brazilian local news)10
Elaw - Environmental Law Alliance Worldwide2025Leticia Aleixo, Attorney - ELAW05
The total number of pages774

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