Table 2. Summary of the case findings... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2.

Summary of the case findings

Phase	Empirical focus	Key fact	Trigger event	Implications
Phase 1: Corporate Narrative	Vale’s ESG communication and sustainability disclosures after the Brumadinho disaster	Sustainability and reparation reports, CEO statements, compensation programmes and governance reforms	Brumadinho Dam Collapse (2019) and the initial corporate response	Demonstrates formal ESG commitments and corporate efforts to restore Vale’s legitimacy
Phase 2: GVC spillover effects	Impact of production disruptions on the global iron ore and steel value chain	Production decline, supply shortages, iron ore price volatility, disruptions in maritime logistics and steel production	Production suspension and supply disruption in global iron ore markets	Reveals vulnerability of GVC to operational failures in upstream mining nodes
Phase 3: Investor pushback and governance response	Reactions from international investors, regulators and financial actors	Divestment by pension funds, SEC charges and development of global tailings standards	Global investor scrutiny and regulatory enforcement	Illustrates ex-post accountability and reputational decline from global stakeholders

Phase	Empirical focus	Key fact	Trigger event	Implications
Phase 1: Corporate Narrative	Vale’s ESG communication and sustainability disclosures after the Brumadinho disaster	Sustainability and reparation reports, CEO statements, compensation programmes and governance reforms	Brumadinho Dam Collapse (2019) and the initial corporate response	Demonstrates formal ESG commitments and corporate efforts to restore Vale’s legitimacy
Phase 2: GVC spillover effects	Impact of production disruptions on the global iron ore and steel value chain	Production decline, supply shortages, iron ore price volatility, disruptions in maritime logistics and steel production	Production suspension and supply disruption in global iron ore markets	Reveals vulnerability of GVC to operational failures in upstream mining nodes
Phase 3: Investor pushback and governance response	Reactions from international investors, regulators and financial actors	Divestment by pension funds, SEC charges and development of global tailings standards	Global investor scrutiny and regulatory enforcement	Illustrates ex-post accountability and reputational decline from global stakeholders

Source(s): Author’s own work