Table A1. Robustness test 1, OLS...

Table A1.

Robustness test 1, OLS regression with firm-clustered standard errors

Variables	Business partner tasks	Business partner/entrepreneurial skills	Traditional tasks	Traditional traits	Digitalization	Sustainability
Year (base: 2016)
2017	0.001 (0.100)	0.024 (0.072)	−0.223 (0.295)	0.239 (0.249)	0.013 (0.053)	0.012 (0.014)
2018	−0.009 (0.106)	0.098 (0.076)	0.199 (0.280)	0.236 (0.253)	0.095 (0.063)	0.029 (0.016)
2019	−0.039 (0.096)	0.059 (0.069)	0.462 (0.290)	0.270 (0.214)	0.195* (0.083)	0.026 (0.017)
2020	0.101 (0.102)	0.021 (0.073)	0.853** (0.300)	0.423 (0.226)	0.290*** (0.075)	0.035* (0.016)
2021	0.010 (0.101)	0.056 (0.070)	0.923** (0.285)	0.281 (0.210)	0.304*** (0.083)	0.065** (0.022)
2022	0.173 (0.102)	0.157* (0.071)	0.980** (0.291)	0.488* (0.213)	0.289*** (0.061)	0.108** (0.041)
2023	0.132 (0.098)	0.094 (0.067)	1.577*** (0.297)	0.468* (0.213)	0.304*** (0.065)	0.304** (0.089)
Public adm.	−0.017 (0.103)	−0.116 (0.063)	0.034 (0.272)	−0.533** (0.203)	0.043 (0.071)	−0.040 (0.038)
Sales (ln of 1,000 EUR)	0.046* (0.021)	−0.008 (0.013)	0.164*** (0.047)	0.118*** (0.032)	0.034* (0.013)	0.021** (0.008)
Employees (1,000)	−0.005 (0.009)	−0.005 (0.003)	0.016 (0.015)	0.000 (0.008)	0.003 (0.006)	−0.003 (0.002)
Constant	0.090 (0.255)	0.549** (0.160)	1.798** (0.561)	1.159** (0.406)	−0.341*(0.160)	−0.194* (0.076)
Theme predictors
Digitalization	0.156* (0.063)	n/a	0.176 (0.109)	n/a	n/a	n/a
Sustainability	−0.015 (0.019)	n/a	−0.131* (0.061)	n/a	n/a	n/a
Business partner tasks	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	0.075** (0.028)	−0.005 (0.013)
Traditional tasks	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	0.005 (0.006)	−0.009 (0.006)
F (10,956)/F (12,956)	2.43	2.13	7.16	6.07	6.55	1.89
Prob > F	0.004	0.020	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.032
R²	0.035	0.013	0.059	0.051	0.062	0.019
Obs	3,599	3,599	3,599	3,599	3,599	3,599

Variables	Business partner tasks	Business partner/entrepreneurial skills	Traditional tasks	Traditional traits	Digitalization	Sustainability
Year (base: 2016)
2017	0.001 (0.100)	0.024 (0.072)	−0.223 (0.295)	0.239 (0.249)	0.013 (0.053)	0.012 (0.014)
2018	−0.009 (0.106)	0.098 (0.076)	0.199 (0.280)	0.236 (0.253)	0.095 (0.063)	0.029 (0.016)
2019	−0.039 (0.096)	0.059 (0.069)	0.462 (0.290)	0.270 (0.214)	0.195* (0.083)	0.026 (0.017)
2020	0.101 (0.102)	0.021 (0.073)	0.853** (0.300)	0.423 (0.226)	0.290*** (0.075)	0.035* (0.016)
2021	0.010 (0.101)	0.056 (0.070)	0.923** (0.285)	0.281 (0.210)	0.304*** (0.083)	0.065** (0.022)
2022	0.173 (0.102)	0.157* (0.071)	0.980** (0.291)	0.488* (0.213)	0.289*** (0.061)	0.108** (0.041)
2023	0.132 (0.098)	0.094 (0.067)	1.577*** (0.297)	0.468* (0.213)	0.304*** (0.065)	0.304** (0.089)
Public adm.	−0.017 (0.103)	−0.116 (0.063)	0.034 (0.272)	−0.533** (0.203)	0.043 (0.071)	−0.040 (0.038)
Sales (ln of 1,000 EUR)	0.046* (0.021)	−0.008 (0.013)	0.164*** (0.047)	0.118*** (0.032)	0.034* (0.013)	0.021** (0.008)
Employees (1,000)	−0.005 (0.009)	−0.005 (0.003)	0.016 (0.015)	0.000 (0.008)	0.003 (0.006)	−0.003 (0.002)
Constant	0.090 (0.255)	0.549** (0.160)	1.798** (0.561)	1.159** (0.406)	−0.341*(0.160)	−0.194* (0.076)
Theme predictors
Digitalization	0.156* (0.063)	n/a	0.176 (0.109)	n/a	n/a	n/a
Sustainability	−0.015 (0.019)	n/a	−0.131* (0.061)	n/a	n/a	n/a
Business partner tasks	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	0.075** (0.028)	−0.005 (0.013)
Traditional tasks	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	0.005 (0.006)	−0.009 (0.006)
F (10,956)/F (12,956)	2.43	2.13	7.16	6.07	6.55	1.89
Prob > F	0.004	0.020	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.032
R²	0.035	0.013	0.059	0.051	0.062	0.019
Obs	3,599	3,599	3,599	3,599	3,599	3,599

Note(s): Firm-clustered standard errors reported in parentheses; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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