Table A2. Robustness test 2, Poisson...

Table A2.

Robustness test 2, Poisson regression with firm fixed effects

Variables	Business partner tasks	Business partner/entrepreneurial skills	Traditional tasks	Traditional traits	Digitalization	Sustainability
Year (base: 2016)
2017	−0.079 (0.168)	0.102 (0.178)	−0.100 (0.089)	0.043 (0.105)	0.066 (0.287)	1.144 (1.249)
2018	−0.039 (0.180)	0.157 (0.184)	−0.033 (0.083)	−0.086 (0.102)	0.460 (0.307)	1.777 (1.223)
2019	−0.035 (0.160)	0.109 (0.167)	0.061 (0.080)	−0.030 (0.085)	0.788* (0.348)	1.644 (1.118)
2020	0.110 (0.162)	0.150 (0.189)	0.124 (0.081)	0.069 (0.095)	0.940** (0.272)	1.177 (1.166)
2021	0.068 (0.169)	0.190 (0.185)	0.112 (0.083)	0.037 (0.097)	1.039*** (0.290)	2.251* (1.080)
2022	0.191 (0.156)	0.322 (0.173)	0.138 (0.077)	0.132 (0.095)	1.002*** (0.286)	2.576* (1.062)
2023	0.201 (0.160)	0.337 (0.183)	0.211** (0.079)	0.086 (0.094)	0.975** (0.290)	3.655*** (1.018)
Sales (ln of 1,000 EUR)	0.028 (0.073)	−0.035 (0.057)	0.042 (0.023)	−0.034 (0.033)	0.006 (0.051)	0.258 (0.998)
Employees (1,000)	0.014 (0.026)	−0.023 (0.035)	0.005 (0.016)	0.015 (0.015)	0.020 (0.022)	−0.125 (0.115)
Theme predictors
Digitalization	0.178*** (0.040)	n/a	0.029 (0.027)	n/a	n/a	n/a
Sustainability	−0.048** (0.014)	n/a	−0.044* (0.019)	n/a	n/a	n/a
Business partner tasks	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	0.159*** (0.039)	−0.109 (0.080)
Traditional tasks	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	0.007 (0.016)	−0.116 (0.072)
Wald chi² (9)/Wald chi² (11)	47.360	10.680	44.520	20.340	64.760	75.63
Prob > chi²	0.000	0.299	0.000	0.016	0.000	0.000
Observations	2,643	2,609	3,157	3,124	2,190	671
Groups	369	367	534	522	254	48
Groups dropped: only 1 obs	414	414	414	414	414	414
Groups dropped for zero outcomes	174	176	9	21	289	495
Obs dropped for zero outcomes	542	576	28	61	995	2,514

Variables	Business partner tasks	Business partner/entrepreneurial skills	Traditional tasks	Traditional traits	Digitalization	Sustainability
Year (base: 2016)
2017	−0.079 (0.168)	0.102 (0.178)	−0.100 (0.089)	0.043 (0.105)	0.066 (0.287)	1.144 (1.249)
2018	−0.039 (0.180)	0.157 (0.184)	−0.033 (0.083)	−0.086 (0.102)	0.460 (0.307)	1.777 (1.223)
2019	−0.035 (0.160)	0.109 (0.167)	0.061 (0.080)	−0.030 (0.085)	0.788* (0.348)	1.644 (1.118)
2020	0.110 (0.162)	0.150 (0.189)	0.124 (0.081)	0.069 (0.095)	0.940** (0.272)	1.177 (1.166)
2021	0.068 (0.169)	0.190 (0.185)	0.112 (0.083)	0.037 (0.097)	1.039*** (0.290)	2.251* (1.080)
2022	0.191 (0.156)	0.322 (0.173)	0.138 (0.077)	0.132 (0.095)	1.002*** (0.286)	2.576* (1.062)
2023	0.201 (0.160)	0.337 (0.183)	0.211** (0.079)	0.086 (0.094)	0.975** (0.290)	3.655*** (1.018)
Sales (ln of 1,000 EUR)	0.028 (0.073)	−0.035 (0.057)	0.042 (0.023)	−0.034 (0.033)	0.006 (0.051)	0.258 (0.998)
Employees (1,000)	0.014 (0.026)	−0.023 (0.035)	0.005 (0.016)	0.015 (0.015)	0.020 (0.022)	−0.125 (0.115)
Theme predictors
Digitalization	0.178*** (0.040)	n/a	0.029 (0.027)	n/a	n/a	n/a
Sustainability	−0.048** (0.014)	n/a	−0.044* (0.019)	n/a	n/a	n/a
Business partner tasks	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	0.159*** (0.039)	−0.109 (0.080)
Traditional tasks	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	0.007 (0.016)	−0.116 (0.072)
Wald chi² (9)/Wald chi² (11)	47.360	10.680	44.520	20.340	64.760	75.63
Prob > chi²	0.000	0.299	0.000	0.016	0.000	0.000
Observations	2,643	2,609	3,157	3,124	2,190	671
Groups	369	367	534	522	254	48
Groups dropped: only 1 obs	414	414	414	414	414	414
Groups dropped for zero outcomes	174	176	9	21	289	495
Obs dropped for zero outcomes	542	576	28	61	995	2,514

Note(s): Robust standard errors reported in parentheses; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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