Robustness test 3, ITS analysis; Poisson regression with COVID-19 variables and firm-clustered standard errors
| Variables | Business partner tasks | Business partner/entrepreneurial skills | Traditional tasks | Traditional traits | Digitalization | Sustainability (simpler model, years fixed) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Post-COVID-19 dummy (post) | 0.544 (4.589) | 0.165 (3.907) | −0.882 (1.685) | 0.895 (2.206) | 0.141 (5.177) | −0.987 (2.463) |
| Interaction of time and interruption (time_post) | −0.025 (0.315) | −0.026 (0.271) | 0.083 (0.114) | −0.044 (0.152) | 0.056 (0.353) | 0.394* (0.160) |
| Public adm. | −0.018 (0.142) | −0.254 (0.141) | 0.021 (0.057) | −0.208* (0.084) | 0.139 (0.165) | −0.405 (0.687) |
| Sales (ln of 1,000 EUR) | 0.064* (0.031) | −0.017 (0.025) | 0.038*** (0.010) | 0.044*** (0.012) | 0.103** (0.039) | 0.260** (0.087) |
| Employees (1,000) | −0.007 (0.013) | −0.013 (0.011) | 0.002 (0.002) | −0.001 (0.003) | 0.003 (0.010) | −0.043 (0.030) |
| Constant | −1.061* (0.535) | −0.164 (0.406) | 0.967*** (0.182) | 0.369 (0.264) | −3.028*** (0.723) | −8.024*** (1.481) |
| Theme predictors | ||||||
| Digitalization | 0.180** (0.056) | n/a | 0.027 (0.022) | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Sustainability | −0.027 (0.027) | n/a | −0.031 (0.016) | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Business partner tasks | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 0.151** (0.052) | −0.100 (0.132) |
| Traditional tasks | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 0.009 (0.013) | −0.097 (0.050) |
| Wald chi2 (98)/Wald chi2 (100) | 234.31 | 141.75 | 351.13 | 286.35 | 11,701.79 | 72.04 |
| Prob > chi2 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Pseudo R2 | 0.036 | 0.026 | 0.036 | 0.026 | 0.078 | 0.176 |
| Observations | 3,599 | 3,599 | 3,599 | 3,599 | 3,599 | 3,599 |
| no. of y/m (or years) omitted due to collinearity | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| no. of significant y/m (or year) coefficients | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| Variables | Business partner tasks | Business partner/entrepreneurial skills | Traditional tasks | Traditional traits | Digitalization | Sustainability ( |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Post-COVID-19 dummy (post) | 0.544 (4.589) | 0.165 (3.907) | −0.882 (1.685) | 0.895 (2.206) | 0.141 (5.177) | −0.987 (2.463) |
| Interaction of time and interruption (time_post) | −0.025 (0.315) | −0.026 (0.271) | 0.083 (0.114) | −0.044 (0.152) | 0.056 (0.353) | 0.394 |
| Public adm. | −0.018 (0.142) | −0.254 (0.141) | 0.021 (0.057) | −0.208 | 0.139 (0.165) | −0.405 (0.687) |
| Sales (ln of 1,000 | 0.064* (0.031) | −0.017 (0.025) | 0.038 | 0.044 | 0.103 | 0.260 |
| Employees (1,000) | −0.007 (0.013) | −0.013 (0.011) | 0.002 (0.002) | −0.001 (0.003) | 0.003 (0.010) | −0.043 (0.030) |
| Constant | −1.061 | −0.164 (0.406) | 0.967 | 0.369 (0.264) | −3.028 | −8.024 |
| Digitalization | 0.180 | n/a | 0.027 (0.022) | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Sustainability | −0.027 (0.027) | n/a | −0.031 (0.016) | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Business partner tasks | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 0.151 | −0.100 (0.132) |
| Traditional tasks | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 0.009 (0.013) | −0.097 (0.050) |
| Wald chi2 (98)/Wald chi2 (100) | 234.31 | 141.75 | 351.13 | 286.35 | 11,701.79 | 72.04 |
| Prob > chi2 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Pseudo | 0.036 | 0.026 | 0.036 | 0.026 | 0.078 | 0.176 |
| Observations | 3,599 | 3,599 | 3,599 | 3,599 | 3,599 | 3,599 |
| no. of y/m (or years) omitted due to collinearity | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| no. of significant y/m (or year) coefficients | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
Note(s): Firm-clustered standard errors reported in parentheses; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; not all year/month coefficients are listed in the table for the sake of simplicity, but the numbers of months with significant coefficients are reported
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