Table 7

Summary of the construct reliability score per construct

Latent construct nameVariablesNCronbach's alphaComposite reliability (CR)AVEFactor loadings (range)RemarksReference
TechnologyPreventive technologies90.9230.94 (approx.)0.66 (approx.)0.74–0.89Cronbach's alpha score of 0.923 is high (close to 1). This shows that the construct is reliable and internally consistent and the data garnered from the construct is suitable for further analysis. CR value greater than 0.70 and AVE value greater than 0.50 confirm convergent validity. All item loadings exceed 0.70, indicating strong indicator reliabilityCronbach (1951), Hair et al. (2021) 
Cybersecurity outcomesThreat mitigation (measured reflectively by blocked attacks)50.9710.97 (approx.)0.87 (approx.)0.86–0.97Cronbach's Alpha score of 0.971 is high (close to 1). This shows that the construct is reliable and internally consistent and the data garnered from the construct is suitable for further analysis. CR value greater than 0.70 and AVE value greater than 0.50 confirm convergent validity. High loadings indicate that the construct is a coherent reflective latent variableCronbach (1951), Hair et al. (2021) 
Operational resilience (measured reflectively by uptime)50.9450.95 (approx.)0.88 (approx.)0.80–0.91Cronbach's Alpha score of 0.945 is high (close to 1). This shows that the construct is reliable and internally consistent and the data garnered from the construct is suitable for further analysis. CR value greater than 0.70 and AVE value greater than 0.50 confirm convergent validity. High loadings indicate that the construct is a coherent reflective latent variableCronbach (1951), Hair et al. (2021) 
Information integrity (measured reflectively by confidentiality, integrity and availability)50.9280.91 (approx.)0.84 (approx.)0.82–0.95Cronbach's Alpha score of 0.928 is high (close to 1). This shows that the construct is reliable and internally consistent and the data garnered from the construct is suitable for further analysis. CR value greater than 0.70 and AVE value greater than 0.50 confirm convergent validity. High loadings indicate that the construct is a coherent reflective latent variableCronbach (1951), Hair et al. (2021) 
Source(s): Authors' computation from field survey data using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 29

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