Table 3. Additional interventions...

Table 3.

Additional interventions proposed by experts

Intervention category	Specific interventions	Explanation
Policies and regulatory support	Construction-specific CE policies	Policies tailored directly to construction and design-phase CE adoption
	Staggered/phased mandates	Policy targets split into short- and long-term goals to allow industry adaptation and avoid unrealistic expectations
	Planning incentives for CE-compliant developments	Benefits like expedited approvals or additional building allowances for CE-compliant designs and materials
	Import restrictions on products with short lifespans	Ban or limit the import of products that do not meet minimum durability or longevity standards to reduce waste
Economic instruments	Low-interest loans and tax relief	Government-backed financial incentives for circular products and practices
	Council rate reductions	Provide council rate refunds based on waste reduction through responsible waste practices
	Sustained financial support for CE businesses	Long-term funding for CE startups or initiatives instead of short, one-off grants
Business and technological innovations	Digital material passports	Digital tracking of building materials to facilitate reuse and transparency
	Lifecycle assessment tools (LCA)	Standardised tools to measure environmental and material impacts across the lifecycle
	Prefabrication and modular systems	Flexible design using prefabricated elements that allow disassembly or reuse
	Design for adaptability and disassembly	Infrastructure designed for future reuse, reconfiguration or deconstruction
Education and training programs	CE in TAFE and undergraduate education	Incorporating CE principles into foundational construction education
	Public CE education	Consumer-friendly messaging to raise awareness about CE among the general public
	DfD and DfMA training	Training that incorporates design for disassembly and design for manufacture, and assembly into CE
Certifications and ratings	Red list/toxicity-based certification standards	Certifications that exclude materials harmful to people or the environment
	Mandatory certification requirements	Make use of sustainability certifications as a regulatory requirement
	Learning from DGNB (German CE rating system)	Adopt or adapt international systems known for CE integration
Research and development	More industry case studies	Documented CE examples that demonstrate practical implementation and success
	Better dissemination of research outputs	Ensure academic and industry findings are shared broadly and accessibly
	Community-led CE innovation	Support nonprofit and grassroots initiatives outside of formal institutions

Intervention category	Specific interventions	Explanation
Policies and regulatory support	Construction-specific CE policies	Policies tailored directly to construction and design-phase CE adoption
	Staggered/phased mandates	Policy targets split into short- and long-term goals to allow industry adaptation and avoid unrealistic expectations
	Planning incentives for CE-compliant developments	Benefits like expedited approvals or additional building allowances for CE-compliant designs and materials
	Import restrictions on products with short lifespans	Ban or limit the import of products that do not meet minimum durability or longevity standards to reduce waste
Economic instruments	Low-interest loans and tax relief	Government-backed financial incentives for circular products and practices
	Council rate reductions	Provide council rate refunds based on waste reduction through responsible waste practices
	Sustained financial support for CE businesses	Long-term funding for CE startups or initiatives instead of short, one-off grants
Business and technological innovations	Digital material passports	Digital tracking of building materials to facilitate reuse and transparency
	Lifecycle assessment tools (LCA)	Standardised tools to measure environmental and material impacts across the lifecycle
	Prefabrication and modular systems	Flexible design using prefabricated elements that allow disassembly or reuse
	Design for adaptability and disassembly	Infrastructure designed for future reuse, reconfiguration or deconstruction
Education and training programs	CE in TAFE and undergraduate education	Incorporating CE principles into foundational construction education
	Public CE education	Consumer-friendly messaging to raise awareness about CE among the general public
	DfD and DfMA training	Training that incorporates design for disassembly and design for manufacture, and assembly into CE
Certifications and ratings	Red list/toxicity-based certification standards	Certifications that exclude materials harmful to people or the environment
	Mandatory certification requirements	Make use of sustainability certifications as a regulatory requirement
	Learning from DGNB (German CE rating system)	Adopt or adapt international systems known for CE integration
Research and development	More industry case studies	Documented CE examples that demonstrate practical implementation and success
	Better dissemination of research outputs	Ensure academic and industry findings are shared broadly and accessibly
	Community-led CE innovation	Support nonprofit and grassroots initiatives outside of formal institutions

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