Pearson pairwise correlations
| Variables | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) | (11) | (12) | (13) | (14) | (15) | (16) | (17) | (18) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) NPL | 1.000 | |||||||||||||||||
| (2) FPBOD | −0.108** | 1.000 | ||||||||||||||||
| (3) FE_IND | −0.136** | 0.363*** | 1.000 | |||||||||||||||
| (4) FE_LED | −0.139*** | 0.279*** | 0.386*** | 1.000 | ||||||||||||||
| (5) FE_EXP | −0.157*** | 0.623*** | 0.591*** | 0.333*** | 1.000 | |||||||||||||
| (6) FE_HEDU | −0.188*** | 0.792*** | 0.496*** | 0.360*** | 0.634*** | 1.000 | ||||||||||||
| (7) FE_FOREDU | −0.127** | 0.546*** | 0.622*** | 0.271*** | 0.723*** | 0.697*** | 1.000 | |||||||||||
| (8) FE_ACFI | −0.143*** | 0.353*** | 0.348*** | 0.078 | 0.330*** | 0.475*** | 0.331*** | 1.000 | ||||||||||
| (9) INDP | 0.609*** | −0.037 | 0.123** | −0.033 | 0.040 | −0.021 | 0.093* | −0.022 | 1.000 | |||||||||
| (10) BS | −0.408*** | −0.170*** | −0.197*** | 0.015 | −0.206*** | −0.241*** | −0.291*** | −0.074 | −0.420*** | 1.000 | ||||||||
| (11) FSIZE | −0.626*** | 0.011 | 0.165*** | 0.096* | −0.016 | 0.040 | 0.065 | 0.149*** | −0.432*** | 0.411*** | 1.000 | |||||||
| (12) ROE | −0.018 | −0.029 | 0.068 | −0.024 | 0.000 | −0.010 | −0.026 | 0.035 | 0.046 | 0.050 | 0.124** | 1.000 | ||||||
| (13) LEV | −0.470*** | −0.032 | −0.069 | −0.081 | −0.083 | −0.107* | −0.069 | 0.020 | −0.301*** | 0.320*** | 0.411*** | −0.400*** | 1.000 | |||||
| (14) BM | −0.268*** | −0.058 | −0.062 | −0.087* | −0.112** | 0.036 | −0.070 | −0.046 | −0.234*** | 0.241*** | 0.443*** | 0.067 | 0.322*** | 1.000 | ||||
| (15) DO | −0.081 | −0.130** | −0.070 | −0.132** | −0.126** | −0.245*** | −0.143*** | −0.036 | −0.074 | 0.052 | 0.176*** | 0.011 | −0.165*** | −0.273*** | 1.000 | |||
| (16) IO | 0.058 | 0.231*** | −0.120** | 0.032 | 0.079 | 0.250*** | 0.028 | −0.021 | −0.010 | 0.000 | −0.172*** | −0.033 | −0.042 | 0.085* | −0.283*** | 1.000 | ||
| (17) FO | −0.189*** | 0.130** | 0.483*** | 0.168*** | 0.194*** | 0.236*** | 0.399*** | 0.092* | 0.105** | 0.012 | 0.340*** | 0.077 | 0.036 | −0.068 | 0.103** | −0.246*** | 1.000 | |
| (18) COVID19 | 0.138*** | 0.023 | 0.083 | 0.024 | 0.027 | 0.040 | 0.074 | 0.081 | 0.126** | −0.064 | 0.030 | 0.069 | −0.019 | −0.064 | −0.016 | 0.099* | −0.093* | 1.000 |
| Variables | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) | (11) | (12) | (13) | (14) | (15) | (16) | (17) | (18) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) NPL | 1.000 | |||||||||||||||||
| (2) FPBOD | −0.108** | 1.000 | ||||||||||||||||
| (3) FE_IND | −0.136** | 0.363*** | 1.000 | |||||||||||||||
| (4) FE_LED | −0.139*** | 0.279*** | 0.386*** | 1.000 | ||||||||||||||
| (5) FE_EXP | −0.157*** | 0.623*** | 0.591*** | 0.333*** | 1.000 | |||||||||||||
| (6) FE_HEDU | −0.188*** | 0.792*** | 0.496*** | 0.360*** | 0.634*** | 1.000 | ||||||||||||
| (7) FE_FOREDU | −0.127** | 0.546*** | 0.622*** | 0.271*** | 0.723*** | 0.697*** | 1.000 | |||||||||||
| (8) FE_ACFI | −0.143*** | 0.353*** | 0.348*** | 0.078 | 0.330*** | 0.475*** | 0.331*** | 1.000 | ||||||||||
| (9) INDP | 0.609*** | −0.037 | 0.123** | −0.033 | 0.040 | −0.021 | 0.093* | −0.022 | 1.000 | |||||||||
| (10) BS | −0.408*** | −0.170*** | −0.197*** | 0.015 | −0.206*** | −0.241*** | −0.291*** | −0.074 | −0.420*** | 1.000 | ||||||||
| (11) FSIZE | −0.626*** | 0.011 | 0.165*** | 0.096* | −0.016 | 0.040 | 0.065 | 0.149*** | −0.432*** | 0.411*** | 1.000 | |||||||
| (12) ROE | −0.018 | −0.029 | 0.068 | −0.024 | 0.000 | −0.010 | −0.026 | 0.035 | 0.046 | 0.050 | 0.124** | 1.000 | ||||||
| (13) LEV | −0.470*** | −0.032 | −0.069 | −0.081 | −0.083 | −0.107* | −0.069 | 0.020 | −0.301*** | 0.320*** | 0.411*** | −0.400*** | 1.000 | |||||
| (14) BM | −0.268*** | −0.058 | −0.062 | −0.087* | −0.112** | 0.036 | −0.070 | −0.046 | −0.234*** | 0.241*** | 0.443*** | 0.067 | 0.322*** | 1.000 | ||||
| (15) DO | −0.081 | −0.130** | −0.070 | −0.132** | −0.126** | −0.245*** | −0.143*** | −0.036 | −0.074 | 0.052 | 0.176*** | 0.011 | −0.165*** | −0.273*** | 1.000 | |||
| (16) IO | 0.058 | 0.231*** | −0.120** | 0.032 | 0.079 | 0.250*** | 0.028 | −0.021 | −0.010 | 0.000 | −0.172*** | −0.033 | −0.042 | 0.085* | −0.283*** | 1.000 | ||
| (17) FO | −0.189*** | 0.130** | 0.483*** | 0.168*** | 0.194*** | 0.236*** | 0.399*** | 0.092* | 0.105** | 0.012 | 0.340*** | 0.077 | 0.036 | −0.068 | 0.103** | −0.246*** | 1.000 | |
| (18) COVID19 | 0.138*** | 0.023 | 0.083 | 0.024 | 0.027 | 0.040 | 0.074 | 0.081 | 0.126** | −0.064 | 0.030 | 0.069 | −0.019 | −0.064 | −0.016 | 0.099* | −0.093* | 1.000 |
Note(s): ***, **, and * denote significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10% levels, respectively. The definitions of variables are given in Appendix
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