Table 1

Summary statistics

Women (N = 70234)Men (N = 69628)
VariableMean[SD]Mean[SD]
Age25.50[4.44]27.69[4.78]
Currently employed (1 = yes)0.75[0.43]0.97[0.18]
First birth is a boy (1 = yes)0.52[0.50]0.52[0.50]
Married or in a union (1 = yes)0.98[0.13]0.98[0.05]
Grandparent in household (1 = yes)0.07[0.25]0.07[0.25]
Has a religion (1 = has any religion)0.14[0.34]0.14[0.35]
Living in an urban area (1 = yes)0.36[0.48]0.33[0.47]
Moved within the last 5 years (1 = yes)0.21[0.41]0.15[0.36]
Dwelling owned by household (1 = yes)0.84[0.37]0.85[0.35]
Ethnic majority (1 = Kinh)0.82[0.39]0.81[0.39]
Completed high school or more (1 = yes)0.35[0.48]0.30[0.46]
Completed at least primary level (1 = yes)0.83[0.38]0.82[0.39]
Employed in agriculture (1 = yes)0.36[0.48]0.45[0.50]
Employed in public sector (1 = yes)0.02[0.15]0.03[0.17]

Note(s): This table presents the summary statistics of employment outcomes and demographic variables used in the analysis. The data are derived from the Vietnam Population and Housing Censuses in 1989, 1999, 2009 and 2019. Means and standard deviations (in brackets) are shown for each group. The employed in public sector variable is based on the IPUMS Census sector of employment variable. The indicator equals one for individuals classified as employed in the public sector (code 10) and zero otherwise

Source(s): Authors’ calculations
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