Table 3 Robustness test of Table 3 with... | Emerald Publishing

Table 3

Robustness test of Table 3 with more narrow definition of force

	B	S.E.	Wald	p	Odds	CI (odds)
Number of bystanders present	−0.10	0.04	5.97	0.02	0.91	0.84–0.98
Number of people in audience	0.13	0.06	5.03	0.03	1.14	1.02–1.28
Verbal frustration	0.18	0.58	0.10	0.75	1.20	0.39–3.71
Physical obstruction	−2.63	1.01	6.80	0.01	0.07	0.01–0.52
Helping	1.93	0.83	5.38	0.02	6.92	1.35–35.44
Filming	1.03	0.53	3.80	0.05	2.80	0.99–7.88
Refuse to leave	1.32	0.82	2.62	0.11	3.75	0.76–18.54
Suspect physical resistance	2.15	0.42	26.11	<0.001	8.59	3.77–19.61
Suspect verbal resistance	0.26	0.42	0.37	0.54	1.29	0.57–2.96

	B	S.E.	Wald	p	Odds	CI (odds)
Number of bystanders present	−0.10	0.04	5.97	0.02	0.91	0.84–0.98
Number of people in audience	0.13	0.06	5.03	0.03	1.14	1.02–1.28
Verbal frustration	0.18	0.58	0.10	0.75	1.20	0.39–3.71
Physical obstruction	−2.63	1.01	6.80	0.01	0.07	0.01–0.52
Helping	1.93	0.83	5.38	0.02	6.92	1.35–35.44
Filming	1.03	0.53	3.80	0.05	2.80	0.99–7.88
Refuse to leave	1.32	0.82	2.62	0.11	3.75	0.76–18.54
Suspect physical resistance	2.15	0.42	26.11	<0.001	8.59	3.77–19.61
Suspect verbal resistance	0.26	0.42	0.37	0.54	1.29	0.57–2.96