Table 1 Summary statistics Study ID...

Table 1

Summary statistics

Study ID	Number of t-statistics	Min	Mean	Max	Standard deviation	Kurtosis	Skewness	Initial year	Last year
1	4	0.56	2.9075	6.78	2.929	−0.888	0.928	1991	2009
2	8	0.000007	0.0002	0.0004	0.000	−2.085	0.238	1998	2008
3	18	−2.74	−1.2429	2.088	1.228	1.734	0.912	1978	2007
4	9	−0.039	−0.0099	0.022	0.024	−1.697	0.254	1996	2008
5	8	−1.283	1.6798	8.126	3.746	−0.038	1.338	2000	2002
6	2	−0.735	−0.3385	0.058	0.561			1980	2004
7	8	0.38	1.0175	1.84	0.513	−0.243	0.914	1977	1996
8	13	−0.261	0.8425	3.071	0.906	1.931	1.931	1988	2008
9	1	−3.757	−3.7570	−3.757	−3.757	−3.757	−3.757	1998	2011
10	2	−4.85	−2.7150	−0.58	3.019			1984	1988
11	10	0.08	0.9790	2.43	0.840	−0.860	0.667	1998	2003
12	16	−19.583	−4.5009	0.823	8.060	−0.334	−1.284	1980	1999
13	4	−0.175	0.0170	0.223	0.168	−0.075	0.222	2001	2011
14	2	2.1	2.1500	2.2	0.071			1979	1984
15	8	2.05	2.7088	3.43	0.510	−1.640	0.130	1990	2000
16	6	−1.413	−0.8442	−0.4	0.346	0.898	−0.644	1996	2004
17	12	−0.174	0.0325	−0.061	0.237	−1.631	0.687	1980	1999
18	4	−0.068	0.0075	0.083	0.082	−5.851	0.000	1997	2006
19	10	−0.093	0.0787	0.254	0.126	−1.599	0.174	1999	2011
20	8	−1.36	0.1788	1.79	1.402	−2.417	0.078	1987	2007
21	4	−0.0189	−0.0163	−0.0145	0.002	−1.061	−1.061	1948	1977
22	7	0.4399	0.9070	2.326	0.641	5.989	2.383	1980	2004
23	14	−0.007	−0.0043	−0.001	0.003	−2.263	0.056	1994	2004
24	2	2.122	3.1260	4.13	1.420			1993	2005
25	10	−1.387	−0.1877	0.041	0.441	7.705	−2.730	1996	2002
26	14	−2.92	−0.5359	2.18	2.442	−2.342	0.000	1964	2004
27	1	−1.38	−1.3800	−1.38	−1.380	−1.380	−1.380	1975	2002
28	8	−0.013	0.0075	0.029	0.014	−0.064	0.371	1998	2015
29	6	−1.9027	−0.8818	0.4417	1.087	−2.905	0.132	2000
30	20	0.27	2.4490	10.24	2.537	5.498	2.410	1995	2007
31	26	−0.28	0.7246	2.89	1.100	−1.310	0.747	1982	2015
32	1	−1.612	−1.6120	−1.612	−1.612	−1.612	−1.612	2000	2016
33	18	−0.67	−0.0142	0.202	0.173	13.758	−3.422	1995	2008
34	34	0.0451	0.5901	1.7507	0.492	0.701	1.239	1984	2014
35	4	−0.59	1.6100	4.08	1.915	1.539	0.419	1977	2004
36	4	22.303	22.66	23.5	0.566	3.854	1.952	1950	1994
37	10	1.059	2.2839	3.846	1.155	−2.008	0.258	1979	1981
38	39	−4.5	−0.4528	0.329	0.981	14.571	−3.820	1994	2003

Study ID	Number of t-statistics	Min	Mean	Max	Standard deviation	Kurtosis	Skewness	Initial year	Last year
1	4	0.56	2.9075	6.78	2.929	−0.888	0.928	1991	2009
2	8	0.000007	0.0002	0.0004	0.000	−2.085	0.238	1998	2008
3	18	−2.74	−1.2429	2.088	1.228	1.734	0.912	1978	2007
4	9	−0.039	−0.0099	0.022	0.024	−1.697	0.254	1996	2008
5	8	−1.283	1.6798	8.126	3.746	−0.038	1.338	2000	2002
6	2	−0.735	−0.3385	0.058	0.561			1980	2004
7	8	0.38	1.0175	1.84	0.513	−0.243	0.914	1977	1996
8	13	−0.261	0.8425	3.071	0.906	1.931	1.931	1988	2008
9	1	−3.757	−3.7570	−3.757	−3.757	−3.757	−3.757	1998	2011
10	2	−4.85	−2.7150	−0.58	3.019			1984	1988
11	10	0.08	0.9790	2.43	0.840	−0.860	0.667	1998	2003
12	16	−19.583	−4.5009	0.823	8.060	−0.334	−1.284	1980	1999
13	4	−0.175	0.0170	0.223	0.168	−0.075	0.222	2001	2011
14	2	2.1	2.1500	2.2	0.071			1979	1984
15	8	2.05	2.7088	3.43	0.510	−1.640	0.130	1990	2000
16	6	−1.413	−0.8442	−0.4	0.346	0.898	−0.644	1996	2004
17	12	−0.174	0.0325	−0.061	0.237	−1.631	0.687	1980	1999
18	4	−0.068	0.0075	0.083	0.082	−5.851	0.000	1997	2006
19	10	−0.093	0.0787	0.254	0.126	−1.599	0.174	1999	2011
20	8	−1.36	0.1788	1.79	1.402	−2.417	0.078	1987	2007
21	4	−0.0189	−0.0163	−0.0145	0.002	−1.061	−1.061	1948	1977
22	7	0.4399	0.9070	2.326	0.641	5.989	2.383	1980	2004
23	14	−0.007	−0.0043	−0.001	0.003	−2.263	0.056	1994	2004
24	2	2.122	3.1260	4.13	1.420			1993	2005
25	10	−1.387	−0.1877	0.041	0.441	7.705	−2.730	1996	2002
26	14	−2.92	−0.5359	2.18	2.442	−2.342	0.000	1964	2004
27	1	−1.38	−1.3800	−1.38	−1.380	−1.380	−1.380	1975	2002
28	8	−0.013	0.0075	0.029	0.014	−0.064	0.371	1998	2015
29	6	−1.9027	−0.8818	0.4417	1.087	−2.905	0.132	2000
30	20	0.27	2.4490	10.24	2.537	5.498	2.410	1995	2007
31	26	−0.28	0.7246	2.89	1.100	−1.310	0.747	1982	2015
32	1	−1.612	−1.6120	−1.612	−1.612	−1.612	−1.612	2000	2016
33	18	−0.67	−0.0142	0.202	0.173	13.758	−3.422	1995	2008
34	34	0.0451	0.5901	1.7507	0.492	0.701	1.239	1984	2014
35	4	−0.59	1.6100	4.08	1.915	1.539	0.419	1977	2004
36	4	22.303	22.66	23.5	0.566	3.854	1.952	1950	1994
37	10	1.059	2.2839	3.846	1.155	−2.008	0.258	1979	1981
38	39	−4.5	−0.4528	0.329	0.981	14.571	−3.820	1994	2003

Source(s): Authors’ own estimation

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