Note(s): R = 0.504

R² = 0.254

Adjusted R² = 0.249

F (2, 303) = 51.64, p < 0.001

The regression results indicate that the combined model significantly predicts cyberloafing (F = 51.64, p < 0.001). Smartphone addiction proved to be the best predictor (0.441, p < 0.001), indicating that students who have a greater degree of smartphone addiction are much more prone to cyberloafing behaviors. It also found that FoMO was a significant predictor of cyberloafing (β = 0.139, p < 0.01), but with a relatively smaller effect

The model explains approximately 25.4% of the variance in cyberloafing (R² = 0.254), which indicates that both psychological (FoMO) and behavioral (smartphone addiction) variables significantly contribute to cyberloafing