Table 1

Summary of variables

SymbolCalculationUnitSource
Dependent variablesecfEcological footprint indexghaGlobal Footprint Network
sdiEcological efficiency of human developmentindexHickel (2020) 
Independent variablesfinComposite index of financial development index, share of Internet users and mobile cellular subscriptions, measured by principal component analysisindexIMF and
World Bank
nrrTotal natural resources rents% GDPWorld Bank
Control variablesune
urb
Share of unemployed population
Share of urban population
%
%
World Bank
World Bank
gdpLogarithm of GDP per capitaUSDWorld Bank
rneShare of renewable energy consumption%World Bank

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