Table 1.

List of variables

CategoryVariablesDefinition
DependantReturnConsumer cup return rate: Ratio of return volume (via in-store staff/machines + collection points outside of stores) to sales volume by administrative units
Infrastructure factors (infra)OutNumber of collection points outside of stores per unit area of each administrative unit (zone)
InstoreNumber of stores with unmanned return machines installed per unit area of each administrative unit (zone)
StoreHrAverage operating hours of collection points outside of stores
Store operation characteristics (operation)OutHrAverage operating hours of participating stores
CollFqMonthly frequency of cup collection by carriers at collection points
XrateCross-brand return rate: Ratio of cups returned from different brands to total return volume by administrative units
VolNumber of voluntarily participating stores
Standard cup (cupst)CupstNumber of stores using standard cups for both paper and plastic (non-standard cups refer to cups with specific brand names or designs)
Regional characteristics (region)TourExpRegional tourism expenditure in the confectionery and beverage sector (cafes, bakeries, etc.) (KRW 1,000)
VstLocNumber of visitors: Locals (residents within the same metropolitan government)
VstDomNumber of visitors: Domestic tourists (non-locals)
VstForNumber of visitors: Foreign tourists
Source(s): Authors’ own work

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