Table 2: Provincial and territorial... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2:

Provincial and territorial waste methane regulation, exemptions and interactions.

		Direct regulation		Large emitter treatment
	Policies	Characteristics	Exemptions and gaps	Characteristics	Exemptions and gaps
BC	Provincial carbon tax, provincial LES, provincial landfill regulation	Landfills with 100,000 t MSW in place or receiving 10,000 t MSW per year must assess methane emissions If assessed methane generation exceeds 1 kt CH4 per year, landfills must implement management practices Management practices include collection, flaring, cover use Requires captured gas to be flared unless alternative achieves equivalent emission reductions	Does not require capture for use as an alternative to flaring Only covers MSW landfills Excludes landfills below thresholds Threshold tied to waste in place rather than emissions No requirement to monitor or assess landfill gas until weight threshold reached	Performance standard for pulp and paper and wood products facilities with annual emissions above 10,000 t CO₂e Includes all sources of methane in facility total GHG quantification	Facilities below threshold Biomethane exempt from carbon tax Large emitter priced emissions are only from incomplete combustion Direct rebates of incremental carbon tax above $30 CAD/tonne for emissions intensity below standard. Eligible facility emissions include combustion but excludes CO2 from biomass Excludes landfills and wastewater treatment Landfill emissions indirectly priced through offset market
AB	Federal fuel charge, provincial LES and landfill regulation	Requires a plan for landfill gas management Plan may include detection, collection, flaring, venting, or recovery for use	Does not require capture for use as an alternative to flaring Does not require capture or flaring as an alternative to venting No requirement to monitor	Output-based pricing for pulp and paper and wood products facilities, landfills, and wastewater treatment facilities with annual emissions above 100,000 t CO₂e Opt-in above 10,000 t CO₂e. Proposed to change to 2,000 t CO₂e in 2023 Includes all sources of methane in facility total GHG quantification Eligible offset protocols include landfills and waste-to-energy	Facilities below threshold Biomethane exempt from federal fuel charge Eligible facility emissions include combustion but excludes CO₂ from biomass
SK	Federal fuel charge, provincial LES with federal top-up (transition to a full provincial system in 2023)	No direct regulation of waste sector emissions other than requiring landfill cover		Output-based pricing for facilities with annual emissions above 25,000 t CO₂e Voluntary participation for facilities above 10,000 t CO₂e Includes all sources of methane in facility total GHG quantification Includes industrial facility waste, landfill and wastewater emissions Includes pulp and paper industrial facilities	Facilities below threshold Biomethane exempt from federal fuel charge Eligible facility emissions include combustion, venting, flaring, waste, and wastewater but excludes CO₂ from biomass Excludes MSW landfills and non-industrial wastewater treatment facilities May exclude wastewater treatment independent of a regulated industrial facility
ON	Federal fuel charge, provincial LES, provincial landfill regulation	Mandatory landfill gas collection for new or expanding sites with total waste disposal capacity greater than 1.5 million m³ (2.5 million t waste) Allows for landfills above threshold to show landfill gas generation is not of significant concern	Does not require capture for use as an alternative to flaring Excludes landfills below threshold Excludes non-MSW landfills Threshold tied to waste capacity rather than emissions No requirement to monitor or assess landfill gas until capacity threshold reached	Output-based pricing for facilities with annual emissions above 50,000 t CO₂e Voluntary participation for facilities above 10,000 t CO₂e Includes all sources of methane in facility total GHG quantification Priced emissions are all facility emissions Pulp and paper production and specific types of industrial wastewater processing are regulated industrial activities Includes landfills and wastewater treatment as regulated emissions sources in industrial facility definition	Facilities below threshold Excludes CO₂ from biomass combustion Excludes MSW landfills
QC	Provincial cap and trade system, provincial landfill regulation	Mandatory landfill gas collection for landfills with a final cover or receiving 100,000 t per year Mandatory landfill gas collection within five years for landfills receiving less than 100,000 t per year Landfill gas collection system must have pumping device and methane must be combusted if not captured for landfills receiving 50,000 t or more waste per year or capacity above 1.5 million m³ Pulp and paper mills must have landfill gas capture systems in place upon closure	Does not require capture for use as an alternative to flaring Excludes landfills below threshold Threshold tied to waste capacity rather than emissions No requirement to monitor or assess landfill gas until capacity threshold reached	Cap and trade with free permit allocation for facilities with annual emissions above 25,000 t CO₂e and fuel distributors Voluntary participation for facilities above 10,000 t CO₂e Includes pulp and paper; emissions sources are production processes and wastewater treatment Includes wastewater emissions from other industrial sources Includes all sources of methane in facility total GHG quantification Priced emissions are all facility emissions Eligible offset protocols include landfills receiving less than 50,000 t waste per year and with capacity below 1.5 million m³	Facilities below threshold Excludes CO₂ from biomass combustion Excludes methane from MSW and industrial landfills except through offset system
NB	Provincial fuel charge and LES	No direct regulation of the waste sector		Output-based pricing for facilities with annual emissions above 50,000 t CO₂e Voluntary participation for facilities above 10,000 t CO₂e Includes all sources of methane in facility total GHG quantification. Pulp and paper and wood processing a regulated industrial activity Includes landfills and wastewater treatment as regulated emissions sources in industrial facility definition Priced emissions are all facility emissions	Facilities below thresholds Excludes CO₂ from biomass combustion Excludes waste fuel combustion used for heat or work Excludes landfills and wastewater treatment independent of a regulated industrial facility
NS	Provincial cap and trade system (transitioning to provincial OBPS) and landfill regulation	Requires installation of venting or collection systems to control and manage landfill gas Requires new landfills to be assessed for waste-to-energy viability	Does not require capture for use as an alternative to flaring Does not require capture or flaring as an alternative to venting Excludes non-MSW landfills	Cap and trade with free permit allocation for facilities with annual emissions above 50,000 t CO₂e. No voluntary participation Only includes methane from combustion in facility total GHG quantification Priced emissions are all facility emissions Includes pulp and paper as regulated industrial activity and CH4 from biomass.	Facilities below threshold Free allocations based on historical combustion-only emissions Excludes CO2 from biomass combustion Excludes wastewater treatment, non-combustion sources in waste, and industrial process emissions Standards for specified GHG activities do not define emissions from pulp and paper landfills as an included source
NL	Provincial fuel charge, LES, and landfill regulation	Requires installation of venting or collection systems to control and manage landfill gas Requires landfills to be assessed for waste-to-energy viability, and proponents demonstrate venting or flaring more practical than conserving for use	Does not require capture for use as an alternative to flaring or venting Does not require flaring as an alternative to venting Excludes non-MSW landfills	Output-based pricing for facilities with annual emissions above 25,000 t CO₂e Voluntary participation for facilities above 15,000 t CO₂e Includes wastewater treatment for covered industrial activities	Facilities below threshold Priced emissions are only from incomplete combustion Excludes all biomass emissions Excludes pulp and paper unless captured by general stationary combustion
MB	Federal fuel charge, federal LES, provincial landfill regulations	Landfills with 750,000 t waste in place must assess mitigation opportunities and implement actions to mitigate via controlling, collecting, flaring or use	Does not require capture for use as an alternative to flaring Excludes landfills below threshold Threshold tied to waste in place rather than emissions No requirement to monitor or assess landfill gas until weight threshold reached	Output-based pricing for industrial facilities with annual emissions above 50,000 t CO₂e Includes all sources of methane in facility total GHG quantification Pulp and paper and wood processing a regulated industrial activity Includes landfills and wastewater treatment as regulated emissions sources in industrial facility definition	Facilities below threshold Excludes landfills and wastewater treatment independent of a regulated industrial facility
PEI	Provincial fuel charge, federal LES, provincial landfill regulation	Requires installation of venting or collection systems to control and manage landfill gas Requires new landfills to be assessed for waste-to-energy viability	Does not require capture for use as an alternative to flaring Does not require capture or flaring as an alternative to venting Excludes non-MSW landfills	Includes landfills and wastewater treatment as regulated emissions sources in industrial facility definition
YK	Federal fuel charge and LES	No direct regulation of the waste sector Class 1 landfills may require landfill gas monitoring
NU	Federal fuel charge and LES	No direct regulation of the waste sector Allows for open burning of solid waste
NT	Territorial carbon tax	No direct regulation of the waste sector Allows for open burning of paper products and untreated wood		Carbon tax with rebates, not applicable to waste sector	Tax only on fossil fuels Excludes landfills and wastewater management from rebates

		Direct regulation		Large emitter treatment
	Policies	Characteristics	Exemptions and gaps	Characteristics	Exemptions and gaps
BC	Provincial carbon tax, provincial LES, provincial landfill regulation	Landfills with 100,000 t MSW in place or receiving 10,000 t MSW per year must assess methane emissions If assessed methane generation exceeds 1 kt CH4 per year, landfills must implement management practices Management practices include collection, flaring, cover use Requires captured gas to be flared unless alternative achieves equivalent emission reductions	Does not require capture for use as an alternative to flaring Only covers MSW landfills Excludes landfills below thresholds Threshold tied to waste in place rather than emissions No requirement to monitor or assess landfill gas until weight threshold reached	Performance standard for pulp and paper and wood products facilities with annual emissions above 10,000 t CO₂e Includes all sources of methane in facility total GHG quantification	Facilities below threshold Biomethane exempt from carbon tax Large emitter priced emissions are only from incomplete combustion Direct rebates of incremental carbon tax above $30 CAD/tonne for emissions intensity below standard. Eligible facility emissions include combustion but excludes CO2 from biomass Excludes landfills and wastewater treatment Landfill emissions indirectly priced through offset market
AB	Federal fuel charge, provincial LES and landfill regulation	Requires a plan for landfill gas management Plan may include detection, collection, flaring, venting, or recovery for use	Does not require capture for use as an alternative to flaring Does not require capture or flaring as an alternative to venting No requirement to monitor	Output-based pricing for pulp and paper and wood products facilities, landfills, and wastewater treatment facilities with annual emissions above 100,000 t CO₂e Opt-in above 10,000 t CO₂e. Proposed to change to 2,000 t CO₂e in 2023 Includes all sources of methane in facility total GHG quantification Eligible offset protocols include landfills and waste-to-energy	Facilities below threshold Biomethane exempt from federal fuel charge Eligible facility emissions include combustion but excludes CO₂ from biomass
SK	Federal fuel charge, provincial LES with federal top-up (transition to a full provincial system in 2023)	No direct regulation of waste sector emissions other than requiring landfill cover		Output-based pricing for facilities with annual emissions above 25,000 t CO₂e Voluntary participation for facilities above 10,000 t CO₂e Includes all sources of methane in facility total GHG quantification Includes industrial facility waste, landfill and wastewater emissions Includes pulp and paper industrial facilities	Facilities below threshold Biomethane exempt from federal fuel charge Eligible facility emissions include combustion, venting, flaring, waste, and wastewater but excludes CO₂ from biomass Excludes MSW landfills and non-industrial wastewater treatment facilities May exclude wastewater treatment independent of a regulated industrial facility
ON	Federal fuel charge, provincial LES, provincial landfill regulation	Mandatory landfill gas collection for new or expanding sites with total waste disposal capacity greater than 1.5 million m³ (2.5 million t waste) Allows for landfills above threshold to show landfill gas generation is not of significant concern	Does not require capture for use as an alternative to flaring Excludes landfills below threshold Excludes non-MSW landfills Threshold tied to waste capacity rather than emissions No requirement to monitor or assess landfill gas until capacity threshold reached	Output-based pricing for facilities with annual emissions above 50,000 t CO₂e Voluntary participation for facilities above 10,000 t CO₂e Includes all sources of methane in facility total GHG quantification Priced emissions are all facility emissions Pulp and paper production and specific types of industrial wastewater processing are regulated industrial activities Includes landfills and wastewater treatment as regulated emissions sources in industrial facility definition	Facilities below threshold Excludes CO₂ from biomass combustion Excludes MSW landfills
QC	Provincial cap and trade system, provincial landfill regulation	Mandatory landfill gas collection for landfills with a final cover or receiving 100,000 t per year Mandatory landfill gas collection within five years for landfills receiving less than 100,000 t per year Landfill gas collection system must have pumping device and methane must be combusted if not captured for landfills receiving 50,000 t or more waste per year or capacity above 1.5 million m³ Pulp and paper mills must have landfill gas capture systems in place upon closure	Does not require capture for use as an alternative to flaring Excludes landfills below threshold Threshold tied to waste capacity rather than emissions No requirement to monitor or assess landfill gas until capacity threshold reached	Cap and trade with free permit allocation for facilities with annual emissions above 25,000 t CO₂e and fuel distributors Voluntary participation for facilities above 10,000 t CO₂e Includes pulp and paper; emissions sources are production processes and wastewater treatment Includes wastewater emissions from other industrial sources Includes all sources of methane in facility total GHG quantification Priced emissions are all facility emissions Eligible offset protocols include landfills receiving less than 50,000 t waste per year and with capacity below 1.5 million m³	Facilities below threshold Excludes CO₂ from biomass combustion Excludes methane from MSW and industrial landfills except through offset system
NB	Provincial fuel charge and LES	No direct regulation of the waste sector		Output-based pricing for facilities with annual emissions above 50,000 t CO₂e Voluntary participation for facilities above 10,000 t CO₂e Includes all sources of methane in facility total GHG quantification. Pulp and paper and wood processing a regulated industrial activity Includes landfills and wastewater treatment as regulated emissions sources in industrial facility definition Priced emissions are all facility emissions	Facilities below thresholds Excludes CO₂ from biomass combustion Excludes waste fuel combustion used for heat or work Excludes landfills and wastewater treatment independent of a regulated industrial facility
NS	Provincial cap and trade system (transitioning to provincial OBPS) and landfill regulation	Requires installation of venting or collection systems to control and manage landfill gas Requires new landfills to be assessed for waste-to-energy viability	Does not require capture for use as an alternative to flaring Does not require capture or flaring as an alternative to venting Excludes non-MSW landfills	Cap and trade with free permit allocation for facilities with annual emissions above 50,000 t CO₂e. No voluntary participation Only includes methane from combustion in facility total GHG quantification Priced emissions are all facility emissions Includes pulp and paper as regulated industrial activity and CH4 from biomass.	Facilities below threshold Free allocations based on historical combustion-only emissions Excludes CO2 from biomass combustion Excludes wastewater treatment, non-combustion sources in waste, and industrial process emissions Standards for specified GHG activities do not define emissions from pulp and paper landfills as an included source
NL	Provincial fuel charge, LES, and landfill regulation	Requires installation of venting or collection systems to control and manage landfill gas Requires landfills to be assessed for waste-to-energy viability, and proponents demonstrate venting or flaring more practical than conserving for use	Does not require capture for use as an alternative to flaring or venting Does not require flaring as an alternative to venting Excludes non-MSW landfills	Output-based pricing for facilities with annual emissions above 25,000 t CO₂e Voluntary participation for facilities above 15,000 t CO₂e Includes wastewater treatment for covered industrial activities	Facilities below threshold Priced emissions are only from incomplete combustion Excludes all biomass emissions Excludes pulp and paper unless captured by general stationary combustion
MB	Federal fuel charge, federal LES, provincial landfill regulations	Landfills with 750,000 t waste in place must assess mitigation opportunities and implement actions to mitigate via controlling, collecting, flaring or use	Does not require capture for use as an alternative to flaring Excludes landfills below threshold Threshold tied to waste in place rather than emissions No requirement to monitor or assess landfill gas until weight threshold reached	Output-based pricing for industrial facilities with annual emissions above 50,000 t CO₂e Includes all sources of methane in facility total GHG quantification Pulp and paper and wood processing a regulated industrial activity Includes landfills and wastewater treatment as regulated emissions sources in industrial facility definition	Facilities below threshold Excludes landfills and wastewater treatment independent of a regulated industrial facility
PEI	Provincial fuel charge, federal LES, provincial landfill regulation	Requires installation of venting or collection systems to control and manage landfill gas Requires new landfills to be assessed for waste-to-energy viability	Does not require capture for use as an alternative to flaring Does not require capture or flaring as an alternative to venting Excludes non-MSW landfills	Includes landfills and wastewater treatment as regulated emissions sources in industrial facility definition
YK	Federal fuel charge and LES	No direct regulation of the waste sector Class 1 landfills may require landfill gas monitoring
NU	Federal fuel charge and LES	No direct regulation of the waste sector Allows for open burning of solid waste
NT	Territorial carbon tax	No direct regulation of the waste sector Allows for open burning of paper products and untreated wood		Carbon tax with rebates, not applicable to waste sector	Tax only on fossil fuels Excludes landfills and wastewater management from rebates