Table 1.

Social Presence Survey Responses from 17 Online Students

ConstructLikert Rating (1–5)Affective expression
Getting to know other course participants gave me a sense of belonging in the course.3.38 
I was able to form distinct impressions of some course participants.3.56 
Online or Web-based communication is an excellent medium for social interaction.3.38 
Open communication
I felt comfortable conversing through the online medium.4.38 
I felt comfortable participating in the course discussions.4.50 
I felt comfortable interacting with other course participants.4.38 
Group cohesion
I felt comfortable disagreeing with other course participants while still maintaining a sense of trust.4.06 
I felt that my point of view was acknowledged by other course participants.4.25 
Online discussions help me to develop a sense of collaboration.4.38 

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