Table 2 Hierarchical linear model (HLM)...

Table 2

Hierarchical linear model (HLM) for exports per income classification

Year	Model	R²	F(df)	P	R² change	F(df) change	p
High-income LAC	1	0.917	55.030(4,20)	0.000
	2	0.928	49.199(5,19)	0.000	0.012	3.072(1,19)	0.095*
	3	0.932	40.939(6,18)	0.000	0.003	0.902(1,18)	0.354
	4	0.933	33.948(7,17)	0.000	0.002	0.386(1,17)	0.542
	5	0.938	30.169(8,16)	0.000	0.005	1.181(1,16)	0.292
	6	0.942	27.137(9,15)	0.000	0.004	1.117(1,15)	0.306
TRFR (25.07)*, FDI (2.811), IND (11.982)*, LPCUST (−2.074), N = 25
Upper-middle-income LAC	1	0.967	351.577(4,45)	0.000
	2	0.969	272.099(5,44)	0.000	0.001	2.089(1,44)	0.155
	3	0.970	232.702(6,43)	0.000	0.001	2.088(1,43)	0.156
	4	0.970	194.904(7,42)	0.000	0.000	0.018(1,42)	0.895
	5	0.970	166.568(8,41)	0.000	0.000	0.021(1,41)	0.886
	6	0.972	153.486(9,40)	0.000	0.002	2.428(1,40)	0.127
GDP (0.8732)*, IND (0.482), N = 50
Lower-middle-income LAC	1	0.928	64,064(4,20)	0.000
	2	0.931	50.918(5,19)	0.000	0.003	0.807(1,19)	0.380
	3	0.931	40.672(6,18)	0.000	0.001	0.197(1,18)	0.662
	4	0.939	37.226(7,17)	0.000	0.007	2.068(1,17)	0.168
	5	0.939	30.720(8,16)	0.000	0.000	5.409(1,16)	0.862
	6	0.939	25.601(9,15)	0.000	0.000	5.672(1,15)	0.989

Year	Model	R²	F(df)	P	R² change	F(df) change	p
High-income LAC	1	0.917	55.030(4,20)	0.000
	2	0.928	49.199(5,19)	0.000	0.012	3.072(1,19)	0.095*
	3	0.932	40.939(6,18)	0.000	0.003	0.902(1,18)	0.354
	4	0.933	33.948(7,17)	0.000	0.002	0.386(1,17)	0.542
	5	0.938	30.169(8,16)	0.000	0.005	1.181(1,16)	0.292
	6	0.942	27.137(9,15)	0.000	0.004	1.117(1,15)	0.306
TRFR (25.07)*, FDI (2.811), IND (11.982)*, LPCUST (−2.074), N = 25
Upper-middle-income LAC	1	0.967	351.577(4,45)	0.000
	2	0.969	272.099(5,44)	0.000	0.001	2.089(1,44)	0.155
	3	0.970	232.702(6,43)	0.000	0.001	2.088(1,43)	0.156
	4	0.970	194.904(7,42)	0.000	0.000	0.018(1,42)	0.895
	5	0.970	166.568(8,41)	0.000	0.000	0.021(1,41)	0.886
	6	0.972	153.486(9,40)	0.000	0.002	2.428(1,40)	0.127
GDP (0.8732)*, IND (0.482), N = 50
Lower-middle-income LAC	1	0.928	64,064(4,20)	0.000
	2	0.931	50.918(5,19)	0.000	0.003	0.807(1,19)	0.380
	3	0.931	40.672(6,18)	0.000	0.001	0.197(1,18)	0.662
	4	0.939	37.226(7,17)	0.000	0.007	2.068(1,17)	0.168
	5	0.939	30.720(8,16)	0.000	0.000	5.409(1,16)	0.862
	6	0.939	25.601(9,15)	0.000	0.000	5.672(1,15)	0.989

Note(s): GDP (0.9885)***, FDI (0.2535)***, N = 25, ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1. Model 1 uses the general OLPI index (overall); model 2 uses the LPI customs index; model 3 uses the LPI infrastructure; model 4 uses the LPI quality of logistics services index; model 5 uses the LPI tracking and tracing index; model 6 uses the LPI timeliness. Coefficients are based on log-transformed variables and therefore reflect scaled associations rather than standardized beta coefficients

Source(s): Author’s elaboration

[ViewLarge]

Sharing Unavailable