Table 1 Variables and measures Dependent... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Variables and measures

Dependent variable	Measure	Source
Firm growth	(Sales_{t +1} – Sales_t)/Sales_t	Orbis of Bureau Van Dijk
Explanatory variables
Female management	Proportion of female managers out of the total management team
Age	Age of the firms in terms of number of years since incorporation
Size	Natural Log (total assets)	Orbis of Bureau Van Dijk
Tangibility	Tangible Assets/Total Assets	Orbis of Bureau Van Dijk
Profitability	EBIT/Total Assets	Orbis of Bureau Van Dijk
Debt	Natural Log (1 + Long-Term Financial Debt + Loans)	Orbis of Bureau Van Dijk
Cash Holdings	Cash and cash equivalents/total assets	Orbis of Bureau Van Dijk
Foreign management	Binary variable equal to 1 if at least one manager has a nationality other than Italian and 0 otherwise	Orbis of Bureau Van Dijk
Venture Capital	Binary variable equal to 1 whether at least one venture capital entered in the capital of the firm and 0 otherwise	Orbis of Bureau Van Dijk

Dependent variable	Measure	Source
Firm growth	(Sales_{t +1} – Sales_t)/Sales_t	Orbis of Bureau Van Dijk
Explanatory variables
Female management	Proportion of female managers out of the total management team
Age	Age of the firms in terms of number of years since incorporation
Size	Natural Log (total assets)	Orbis of Bureau Van Dijk
Tangibility	Tangible Assets/Total Assets	Orbis of Bureau Van Dijk
Profitability	EBIT/Total Assets	Orbis of Bureau Van Dijk
Debt	Natural Log (1 + Long-Term Financial Debt + Loans)	Orbis of Bureau Van Dijk
Cash Holdings	Cash and cash equivalents/total assets	Orbis of Bureau Van Dijk
Foreign management	Binary variable equal to 1 if at least one manager has a nationality other than Italian and 0 otherwise	Orbis of Bureau Van Dijk
Venture Capital	Binary variable equal to 1 whether at least one venture capital entered in the capital of the firm and 0 otherwise	Orbis of Bureau Van Dijk