Table 11

Split-sample sensitivity analysis: ESG performance, executive gender diversity, and Tobin's Q

Variables(1) ESG
Non-sensitive
(2) ESG
Sensitive
(3) Environmental
Non-sensitive
(4) Environmental
Sensitive
(5) Social
Non-sensitive
(6) Social
Sensitive
(7) Governance non-sensitive(8) Governance sensitive
ESG Score (lagged)0.003***
(4.63)
0.000
(0.06)
––––––
Environmental Score (lagged)––0.004***
(4.15)
−0.000
(−0.44)
––––
Social Score (lagged)––––0.004***
(7.82)
0.001
(1.28)
––
Governance Score (lagged)––––––−0.001
(−0.47)
−0.000
(−0.57)
Executive gender diversity0.010***
(3.23)
−0.003
(−0.50)
0.005*
(2.07)
−0.001
(−0.23)
0.006
(1.68)
−0.003
(−0.52)
0.005
(1.45)
−0.001
(−0.54)
ESG × Gender diversity−0.000***
(−4.03)
0.000
(0.31)
−0.000***
(−3.17)
0.000
(0.00)
−0.000*
(−1.85)
0.000
(0.28)
−0.000*
(−2.05)
0.000
(0.10)
Firm fixed effectsYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
Year fixed effectsYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
Observations3,3952,1103,3952,1103,3952,1103,3952,110
Number of firms307207307207307207307207
R2 (within)0.1850.1480.1860.1480.1870.1490.1840.148

Note(s): Estimates are from fixed-effects regressions with Driscoll–Kraay standard errors, robust to heteroskedasticity, serial correlation, and cross-sectional dependence. ESG and pillar scores are mean-centred prior to interaction. Coefficients with t-statistics in parentheses. *p < 0.10, **p < 0.05, **p < 0.01

Source(s): Created by authors

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