Table 1. Cross-technology synthesis of... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1.

Cross-technology synthesis of information services and their participatory patterns

	Methodological dimensions
Technology type	Timing	Method	Engagement	Ownership
Knowledge graphs (6 practices found)	Mostly design-led early/late; One constant research-driven and One not-explicit research-design case	Co-construction, PD workshops, mixed-method usability/interviews, annotation workflows, UCD refinement	Consult to collaborate/empower; One scientific-participation profile	Interpreted ownership in yanyuwa; mostly under-explicit in other KG cases
Neurosymbolic systems (3)	Early/late or constant across development/evaluation	Collaborative storytelling + AI, requirement workshops/user testing, user-controlled narrative generation	Involve/consult to collaborate -empower	Mostly not explicit, with preliminary community-agency framing in narrative-generation work
Linked open data platforms (5)	Not explicit or evaluation for first lens; constant/ongoing for second lens.	User-oriented portals, collaborative editing, crowdsourced contribution models	Inform/involve to community curation and citizen participation	Mostly not explicit in justice safeguards
Other ontology/semantic search systems (8)	Early, late, ongoing and mixed early + constant patterns	Ontology engineering (NeOn), semantic search UX iterations, participatory indexing, provenance co-design, community co-design, implicit crowdsourcing	Inform/consult to collaborate/empower; includes community-agency profiles	Strongest ownership signals in inuvialuit, HyperReal, ProvKOS/GTDOnto; others remain under-explicit

	Methodological dimensions
Technology type	Timing	Method	Engagement	Ownership
Knowledge graphs (6 practices found)	Mostly design-led early/late; One constant research-driven and One not-explicit research-design case	Co-construction, PD workshops, mixed-method usability/interviews, annotation workflows, UCD refinement	Consult to collaborate/empower; One scientific-participation profile	Interpreted ownership in yanyuwa; mostly under-explicit in other KG cases
Neurosymbolic systems (3)	Early/late or constant across development/evaluation	Collaborative storytelling + AI, requirement workshops/user testing, user-controlled narrative generation	Involve/consult to collaborate -empower	Mostly not explicit, with preliminary community-agency framing in narrative-generation work
Linked open data platforms (5)	Not explicit or evaluation for first lens; constant/ongoing for second lens.	User-oriented portals, collaborative editing, crowdsourced contribution models	Inform/involve to community curation and citizen participation	Mostly not explicit in justice safeguards
Other ontology/semantic search systems (8)	Early, late, ongoing and mixed early + constant patterns	Ontology engineering (NeOn), semantic search UX iterations, participatory indexing, provenance co-design, community co-design, implicit crowdsourcing	Inform/consult to collaborate/empower; includes community-agency profiles	Strongest ownership signals in inuvialuit, HyperReal, ProvKOS/GTDOnto; others remain under-explicit

Source(s): Author’s own data