Table 2

CFA of the first-order model

ConstructFormationStandardized loadingsAVECR
Menu innovativeness5 items0.808–0.8940.7510.938
Experiential innovativeness4 items0.711–0.8340.6370.897
Technological innovativeness3 items0.793–0.9320.7190.884
Brand innovativeness4 items0.796–0.9110.7320.932
Promotional innovativeness4 items0.686–0.9580.6650.887
Emotional value6 items0.868–0.9480.8240.966
Epistemic value7 items0.702–0.8990.6360.912
Quality value4 items0.835–0.9050.7560.925
Health value4 items0.777–0.9750.7350.917
Prestige value4 items0.741–0.8610.6840.896

Note(s): AVE = average variance extracted; CR = composite reliability

Source(s): Developed by authors, 2025

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